A reappraisal of the Border Cave 1 cranium (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)
A reappraisal of the Border Cave 1 cranium (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2022.107452
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发表时间：
2022-03-23
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Reyes-Centeno, Hugo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beaudet, Amelie;d'Errico, Francesco;Reyes-Centeno, Hugo
除了提供一个独特的考古组合，记录了人类谱系中复杂行为的早期出现，边境洞穴（南非）还值得注意的是至少有九个人的人类遗骸，包括部分头盖骨边境洞穴1。虽然边界洞穴1的确切来源是未知的，层序地层学和ESR测年收敛到约82 ka至170 ka的年龄。在这里，我们提出了新的信息，大脑，braincase和骨迷宫的边境洞穴1，并讨论相关的进化意义。我们将边界洞穴1与早更新世和中更新世人属标本以及化石和现存的智人进行了比较。采用虚拟分割技术重建脑和骨迷路内模，评估颅骨厚度分布，并识别保存在脑内表面的血管和脑沟印记。我们的研究结果表明，整体形态的大脑内模近似于现代人类大脑的球形形状，并不同于中更新世化石人类的长而低的大脑。保存在右半球的血管印记表明，中间分支源自前分支，这是尼安德特人和现代人共有的模式。Border Cave 1颅骨中的骨厚度分布与Cro-Magnon 1和Abri Pataud 1中观察到的模式相似，两者均在额部区域上具有弥漫性分布的增厚区域。最后，骨迷路半规管的相对大小和曲率符合非洲和黎凡特的早更新世和晚更新世化石人类以及现代人类之间共享的祖先配置，并且与尼安德特人中记录的更多衍生条件不同。我们讨论了我们的研究结果的意义，了解化石智人的地理，进化，并在一定程度上，行为。0 2022爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Besides providing a unique archaeological assemblage that documents the early emergence of complex behaviour in the human lineage, Border Cave (South Africa) is noteworthy for having yielded hominin remains of at least nine individuals, including the partial cranium Border Cave 1. While the exact provenance of Border Cave 1 is unknown, sequence stratigraphy and ESR dating converge towards an age from about 82 ka to 170 ka. Here we present novel information about the brain, braincase and bony labyrinth of Border Cave 1 and discuss related evolutionary implications. We compare Border Cave 1 to specimens of Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo as well as to fossil and extant Homo sapiens. Virtual segmentation techniques were used to reconstruct the brain and bony labyrinth endocasts, assess the distribution of cranial bone thickness, and identify the vascular and sulcal imprints preserved on the inner surface of the braincase. Our results show that the overall morphology of the brain endocast approximates the globular shape of the modern human brain and differs from the long and low brains seen in Middle Pleistocene fossil hominins. The vascular imprints preserved on the right hemisphere indicate that the middle branch derives from the anterior branch, which is a pattern shared with Neanderthals and modern humans. Bone thickness distribution in the Border Cave 1 cranium resembles the patterns seen in Cro-Magnon 1 and Abri Pataud 1, which both share a diffuse distribution of thickened areas over the frontal region. Finally, the relative size and curvature of the semicircular canals of the bony labyrinth conform to the ancestral configuration shared between Early and Late Pleistocene fossil hominins from Africa and the Levant, as well as modern humans, and distinct from the more derived condition documented within Neanderthals. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding the biogeography, evolution, and, to some extent, behaviour of fossil Homo sapiens. 0 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.