Genetic diversity and population structure of Glossina pallidipes in Uganda and western Kenya.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Glossina pallidipes in Uganda and western Kenya.
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DOI：
10.1186/1756-3305-4-122
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发表时间：
2011-06-28
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Caccone, Adalgisa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ouma, Johnson O.;Beadell, Jon S.;Caccone, Adalgisa
Glossina pallidipes与昏睡病从乌干达东南部传播到肯尼亚有关。最近的研究表明G.在Lambwe山谷和乌干达东南部，在采取了被认为是有效的控制措施后，目前尚不清楚G.乌干达东南部的pallidipes带延伸到肯尼亚西部。研究了中国南方棉的遗传多样性和群体结构。产于乌干达和肯尼亚西部。结果：AMOVA分析表明，不同采样点间的差异解释了一个显着比例的遗传变异。微卫星基因型的主成分分析和贝叶斯分配确定了三个不同的集群：乌干达西部，乌干达东南部/Lambwe谷，和Nguruman在肯尼亚中南部。线粒体DNA分析证实了微卫星分析的结果，除了在乌干达西部，在那里的Kabunkanga和Murchison福尔斯人口表现出不同的单倍型，尽管均匀的微卫星签名。为了更好地了解线粒体和核标记之间的差异的可能原因，我们测试了性别偏见的传播。平均成对相关性是显着较高的女性比男性在人口内，而平均遗传距离较低，相关性较高的男性比女性在人口间的比较。在肯尼亚/乌干达边境取样的两个种群表现出最低水平的遗传多样性。这两个种群的微卫星等位基因和mtDNA单倍型是在邻近的Lambwe山谷发现的一个子集，这表明Lambwe是乌干达东南部苍蝇的来源种群。G. pallidipes在Lambwe山谷表明，即使在反复控制努力之后，仍然存在大量的孑遗种群。结论：本研究证明G.在肯尼亚和乌干达的pallidipes种群没有形成一个连续的采采蝇带。虽然Lambwe山谷似乎是苍蝇殖民乌干达东南部的一个来源人口，这种分散并没有延伸到乌干达西部。G. pallidipes值得进一步努力，以区分历史和现代的基因流动和可能的性别偏见的传播结构人口的作用。
Glossina pallidipes has been implicated in the spread of sleeping sickness from southeastern Uganda into Kenya. Recent studies indicated resurgence of G. pallidipes in Lambwe Valley and southeastern Uganda after what were deemed to be effective control efforts. It is unknown whether the G. pallidipes belt in southeastern Uganda extends into western Kenya. We investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of G. pallidipes in Uganda and western Kenya. Results: AMOVA indicated that differences among sampling sites explained a significant proportion of the genetic variation. Principal component analysis and Bayesian assignment of microsatellite genotypes identified three distinct clusters: western Uganda, southeastern Uganda/Lambwe Valley, and Nguruman in central-southern Kenya. Analyses of mtDNA confirmed the results of microsatellite analysis, except in western Uganda, where Kabunkanga and Murchison Falls populations exhibited haplotypes that differed despite homogeneous microsatellite signatures. To better understand possible causes of the contrast between mitochondrial and nuclear markers we tested for sex-biased dispersal. Mean pairwise relatedness was significantly higher in females than in males within populations, while mean genetic distance was lower and relatedness higher in males than females in between- population comparisons. Two populations sampled on the Kenya/Uganda border, exhibited the lowest levels of genetic diversity. Microsatellite alleles and mtDNA haplotypes in these two populations were a subset of those found in neighboring Lambwe Valley, suggesting that Lambwe was the source population for flies in southeastern Uganda. The relatively high genetic diversity of G. pallidipes in Lambwe Valley suggest large relict populations remained even after repeated control efforts. Conclusion: Our research demonstrated that G. pallidipes populations in Kenya and Uganda do not form a contiguous tsetse belt. While Lambwe Valley appears to be a source population for flies colonizing southeastern Uganda, this dispersal does not extend to western Uganda. The complicated phylogeography of G. pallidipes warrants further efforts to distinguish the role of historical and modern gene flow and possible sex-biased dispersal in structuring populations.