The Marathon and Blood Morphology
The Marathon and Blood Morphology
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马拉松和血液形态
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
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通讯作者：
Dadeliene Ruta
中科院分区：
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作者：
E. Mleczko;Z. Dąbrowski;Konrad Rembiasz;Joanna Gradek;K. Żaba;M. Ząbek;Dadeliene Ruta
研究的目的。1. 了解非职业运动员在马拉松比赛中长期体力劳动引起的血液形态学指标变化的程度和方向。2. 增加材料的数量，以验证需要建立不同年龄组的人参加马拉松运动的血液学变量参考标准。材料：10名年龄在40-60岁的志愿者符合研究条件；所有志愿者均为非专业长跑运动员，过去3-10年每周训练3-4次；所有的志愿者都在没有表现出极度疲惫的情况下完成了马拉松比赛。方法。在“克拉科维亚马拉松”比赛前一天和比赛结束后几分钟，从肘部静脉（禁食一夜）采集了血液样本。血液的血液学分析（白细胞、红细胞、HCT、Hb、MCH、MCV、MCHC、PLT、RET）在克拉科夫体育大学肌肉骨骼系统病理学实验室进行，其中使用了医学诊断常用的方法以及最新的设备。在统计分析中，特定选手的血液学变量个体变化的程度和方向及其平均值。将血液学变量结果的算术平均值和离散度与世界各地不同研究中心收集的比较材料以及人口参考标准进行比较。结果。除了白细胞外，大多数马拉松运动员血液中形态学指标的水平都在人群参考标准的范围内。在长时间体力劳动（超过3小时）的影响下，血液学变量在程度和方向上发生了变化，但并不总是具有统计学意义。大多数变化要么包含在参考标准的极端范围内，要么略高。体力劳动最不利的影响被观察到的地方是白细胞的数量。在世界各地进行的比较分析显示，血液的血液学变量在努力后的变化具有显著的相似性。这些变化可能是由于受试者的年龄或健康状况，不同的诊断方法，以及马拉松比赛期间的补充方式，特别是在最后阶段。结论。对不同年龄的非专业运动员的血液学变量分析的结果（在这项研究中进行，并基于在长时间努力结束后几分钟进行的血液测试）可以很好地描述马拉松比赛中努力变化的实际程度和方向。为非专业马拉松运动员设计除人群参考标准外的血液形态指标有一定的依据。
Aims of the study. 1. To learn the extent and direction of changes in morphological indicators of blood in non-professional sportsmen, induced by long-lasting physical effort during the marathon. 2. To increase the amount of material validating the need to establish reference standards for haematologic variables in people of different age groups practising marathon running. Material. 10 volunteers aged 40-60 years were qualified for the study; all the volunteers were non-professional long distance runners, training 3-4 times per week for the last 3-10 years; all the volunteers had managed to finish a marathon without showing signs of extreme exhaustion. Methods. Blood samples were taken from antecubital vein (overnight fasting) a day before the “Cracovia Maraton” marathon event, as well as several minutes after it. Haematological analysis of the blood (WBC, RBC, HCT, Hb, MCH, MCV, MCHC, PLT, RET) was conducted in Laboratory of Pathology of the Musculoskeletal System at the University of Physical Education in Krakow, in which methods commonly used in medical diagnostics, as well as the newest equipment, were utilised. In the statistical analysis, the extent and direction of individual changes of haematologic variables in particular contestants and in mean values. Arithmetic means and dispersions of the results of haematologic variables were compared to comparative material, gathered in various research centres around the world, and to populational reference standards. Results. The level of morphological indicators of blood found in most of the marathon runners was, apart from leukocytes, in the range of populational reference standards. Under the influence of long-lasting physical effort (over 3 hours), the haematologic variables underwent changes in extent and direction, however not always statistically significant. Most changes were either contained in the extremes of reference standards, or were slightly higher. The place were the most disadvantageous impact of physical effort was observed was the number of leukocytes. Comparative analyses, performed all over the world, showed significant similarities in post-effort changes to haematologic variables of blood. The changes may have resulted from age or fitness of the subjects, different diagnostic methods applied, and from the mode of supplementation during the marathon, especially during its final parts. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of haematologic variables (conducted in this study and based on a blood test performed only several minutes after long-lasting effort had ended) of non-professional sportsmen of different ages can characterise well both the actual extent and direction of effort changes during the marathon. There is basis for devising morphological indicators of blood other than populational reference standards for non-professional marathon runners.