Segregation and Poverty Concentration: The Role of Three Segregations.
Segregation and Poverty Concentration: The Role of Three Segregations.
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DOI：
10.1177/0003122412447793
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Quillian L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quillian L
“由于种族隔离，很大一部分美国黑人注定要经历这样一种社会环境：贫穷和失业是常态，大多数儿童是非婚生子女，大多数家庭靠福利生活，教育失败盛行，社会和身体状况恶化比比皆是。由于长期暴露在这种环境中，黑人取得社会和经济成功的机会大大减少。一个关键的论点是，种族居住隔离和非白人群体的贫困率联合收割机互动产生空间集中的贫困。尽管有令人信服的理论依据，但对这一命题的实证检验是否定的或好坏参半。本文发展了一个正式的分解模型，扩展了梅西模型的隔离，组贫困率，和其他空间条件联合收割机如何形成集中的贫困。修正后的分解模型考虑了收入对跨种族邻里居住的影响以及多种空间条件的交互组合对集中贫困形成的影响。将该模型应用于数据显示，种族隔离和种族内的收入隔离对贫困集中有重要贡献，正如梅西所说，但对贫困集中几乎同样重要的是黑人和西班牙裔的非群体邻居的不成比例的贫困。梅西在实证检验中所期望的缺失的相互作用可以通过适当地解释扩展模型中的因素来发现。
“Because of racial segregation, a significant share of black America is condemned to experience a social environment where poverty and joblessness are the norm, where a majority of children are born out of wedlock, where most families are on welfare, where educational failure prevails, and where social and physical deterioration abound. Through prolonged exposure to such an environment, black chances for social and economic success are drastically reduced. A key argument of is that racial residential segregation and non-white group poverty rates combine interactively to produce spatially concentrated poverty. Despite a compelling theoretical rationale, the empirical tests of this proposition have been negative or mixed. This paper develops a formal decomposition model that expands the Massey model of how segregation, group poverty rates, and other spatial conditions combine to form concentrated poverty. The revised decomposition model allows for income effects on cross-race neighborhood residence and interactive combinations of multiple spatial conditions in the formation of concentrated poverty. Applying the model to data reveals that racial segregation and income segregation within race contribute importantly to poverty concentration, as Massey argued, but that almost equally important for poverty concentration is the disproportionate poverty of the non-group neighbors of blacks and Hispanics. The missing interaction Massey expected in empirical tests can be found with proper accounting for the factors in the expanded model.