Effect of memory perspective on retrospective causal attributions.
Effect of memory perspective on retrospective causal attributions.
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记忆视角对回顾性因果归因的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.57.3.399
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Gilovich,T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Frank,MG;Gilovich,T
两项研究探讨了人们的回顾性因果归因是否可能通过回忆事件的视觉视角来介导。在研究一中，两个学生参与了“认识”对话，并对他们的表现进行了一系列归因评级。3周后，他们再次回到同一个归因量表上，重新评估他们的表现，并指出他们记得他们之前谈话的角度。被试报告的是“观察者”记忆，即他们可以从外部“看到”自己，或者是“场”记忆，即他们的视野与原始情况相匹配。研究二与研究一相同，不同之处在于学生的记忆视角是通过口头指令来操纵的。在这两个实验中，从观察者的角度回忆的对话被归因于更多的倾向。这些结果表明，从不同的角度可以回忆起事件的功能很像不同的视觉视角提供给演员和观察者在即时的，日常的经验。这些结果的讨论集中在他们如何进一步理解的矛盾结果在文献中报道的时间变化的归因。
Two studies examined whether people's retrospective causal attributions might be mediated by the visual perspective from which events are recalled. In Study 1, pairs of Ss participated in “get-acquainted” conversations and made a series of attribution ratings for their performance. They returned 3 weeks later to rerate their performance on the same attribution scales and to indicate the perspective from which they remembered their earlier conversation. Ss reported either “observer” memories in which they could “see” themselves from the outside or “field” memories in which their field of view matched that of the original situation. Study 2 was identical to Study 1 with the exception that Ss' memory perspectives were manipulated via verbal instructions. In both experiments, conversations that were recalled from an observer's perspective were attributed more dispositionally. These results suggest that the different perspectives from which events can be recalled function much like the divergent visual perspectives available to actors and observers in immediate, everyday experience. Discussion of these results focuses on how they further understanding of the contradictory findings reported in the literature on temporal shifts in attributions.