Animal models of human gammaherpesvirus infections
Animal models of human gammaherpesvirus infections
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人类伽马疱疹病毒感染的动物模型
DOI：
10.1007/978-981-10-7230-7_19
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fujiwara S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fujiwara Shigeyoshi;Nakamura Hiroyuki;Fujiwara S.
人类是EB病毒（EBV）和卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒（KSHV）的唯一自然宿主，这种严格的宿主向性阻碍了这些人类伽马疱疹病毒动物模型的开发。为了克服这一困难并开发这些病毒的有用模型，主要采用了三种方法：第一，用 EBV 或 KSHV 实验感染实验动物 [主要是新世界非人类灵长类动物 (NHP)]；第二，用各自 NHP 固有的 EBV 或 KSHV 相关伽玛疱疹病毒对 NHP（主要是旧世界 NHP）进行实验性感染；第三，用EBV或KSHV实验性感染人源化小鼠，即移植有功能性人类细胞或组织（主要是人类免疫系统成分）的免疫缺陷小鼠。这些模型重现了人类伽马疱疹病毒引起的疾病、其无症状的持续感染，以及对它们的先天性和适应性免疫反应，促进了针对这些病毒的新型治疗和预防措施的开发。
Humans are the only natural host of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and this strict host tropism has hampered the development of animal models of these human gammaherpesviruses. To overcome this difficulty and develop useful models for these viruses, three main approaches have been employed: first, experimental infection of laboratory animals [mainly new-world non-human primates (NHPs)] with EBV or KSHV; second, experimental infection of NHPs (mainly old-world NHPs) with EBV- or KSHV-related gammaherpesviruses inherent to respective NHPs; and third, experimental infection of humanized mice, i.e., immunodeficient mice engrafted with functional human cells or tissues (mainly human immune system components) with EBV or KSHV. These models have recapitulated diseases caused by human gammaherpesviruses, their asymptomatic persistent infections, as well as both innate and adaptive immune responses to them, facilitating the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic measures against these viruses.