The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape
The metapopulation capacity of a fragmented landscape
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DOI：
10.1038/35008063
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发表时间：
2000-04-13
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Ovaskainen, O
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanski, I;Ovaskainen, O
生态学家和保护生物学家已经使用了许多景观结构的措施（1-5）来预测栖息地丧失和破碎化的人口动态后果（6-8），但这些措施并没有很好地证明人口动态理论。在这里，我们介绍了一个新的措施高度分散的景观，称为集合种群容量，这是严格来自集合种群理论，可以很容易地应用到真实的网络的栖息地片段与已知的地区和连通性。从技术上讲，集合种群容量是适当的“景观”矩阵的主要特征值。如果景观的集合种群容量大于由物种的属性确定的阈值，则预测物种在景观中持续存在。因此，集合种群容量可以方便地用于排名不同的景观，他们的能力，以支持可行的集合种群。我们提出了一个经验的例子，多个网络所占用的濒危物种的蝴蝶。利用这一理论，我们还可以计算出集合种群的容量是如何改变的，通过删除栖息地片段或添加新的到特定的空间位置，或通过改变它们的面积。集合种群容量在集合种群生态学、景观生态学和保护生物学中有着广泛的应用。
Ecologists and conservation biologists have used many measures of landscape structure(1-5) to predict the population dynamic consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation(6-8), but these measures are not well justified by population dynamic theory. Here we introduce a new measure for highly fragmented landscapes, termed the metapopulation capacity, which is rigorously derived from metapopulation theory and can easily be applied to real networks of habitat fragments with known areas and connectivities. Technically, metapopulation capacity is the leading eigenvalue of an appropriate 'landscape' matrix. A species is predicted to persist in a landscape if the metapopulation capacity of that landscape is greater than a threshold value determined by the properties of the species. Therefore, metapopulation capacity can conveniently be used to rank different landscapes in terms of their capacity to support viable metapopulations. We present an empirical example on multiple networks occupied by an endangered species of butterfly. Using this theory, we may also calculate how the metapopulation capacity is changed by removing habitat fragments from or adding new ones into specific spatial locations, or by changing their areas. The metapopulation capacity should rnd many applications in metapopulation ecology, landscape ecology and conservation biology.