Microbial communication leading to the activation of silent fungal secondary metabolite gene clusters.
Microbial communication leading to the activation of silent fungal secondary metabolite gene clusters.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2015.00299
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Brakhage AA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Netzker T;Fischer J;Weber J;Mattern DJ;König CC;Valiante V;Schroeckh V;Brakhage AA
微生物在不同的生态系统中形成不同的多物种群落。这些联合体中真菌和细菌种类的高丰度导致微生物之间的特定通信。次生代谢物（SMs）在这种交流中起着关键作用，也被称为天然产物。最近，研究表明，微生物之间的物种间“对话”代表了激活沉默基因簇的生理触发，从而导致相关物种形成新的SMs。本文综述了混合微生物培养，主要是细菌和真菌之间的混合培养，特别强调了在共培养中诱导真菌SMs的形成。此外，研究了染色质重塑在诱导中的作用，并提出了分析天然产物的方法观点。作为在分子水平上阐明的微生物间相互作用的一个例子，我们讨论了丝状真菌芽曲霉和烟曲霉与土壤细菌雷帕霉素链霉菌之间的具体相互作用。这为揭示调控机制背后的分子概念提供了一个很好的模型系统，并将为通过微生物共同培养靶向激活沉默SM基因簇的药物发现铺平道路。
Microorganisms form diverse multispecies communities in various ecosystems. The high abundance of fungal and bacterial species in these consortia results in specific communication between the microorganisms. A key role in this communication is played by secondary metabolites (SMs), which are also called natural products. Recently, it was shown that interspecies “talk” between microorganisms represents a physiological trigger to activate silent gene clusters leading to the formation of novel SMs by the involved species. This review focuses on mixed microbial cultivation, mainly between bacteria and fungi, with a special emphasis on the induced formation of fungal SMs in co-cultures. In addition, the role of chromatin remodeling in the induction is examined, and methodical perspectives for the analysis of natural products are presented. As an example for an intermicrobial interaction elucidated at the molecular level, we discuss the specific interaction between the filamentous fungi Aspergillus nidulans and Aspergillus fumigatus with the soil bacterium Streptomyces rapamycinicus, which provides an excellent model system to enlighten molecular concepts behind regulatory mechanisms and will pave the way to a novel avenue of drug discovery through targeted activation of silent SM gene clusters through co-cultivations of microorganisms.