Microplastic Moves Pollutants and Additives to Worms, Reducing Functions Linked to Health and Biodiversity
Microplastic Moves Pollutants and Additives to Worms, Reducing Functions Linked to Health and Biodiversity
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2013.10.012
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发表时间：
2013-12-02
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Thompson, Richard C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Browne, Mark Anthony;Niven, Stewart J.;Thompson, Richard C.
产品不足、废物管理和政策都在努力阻止塑料废物渗入生态系统[1,2]。分解成更小的碎片意味着栖息地中微米大小的塑料（微塑料）的丰度增加了100倍，数量超过了更大的碎片[2,4]。当被动物摄入时，塑料提供了一个可行的途径，将附着的污染物和添加剂化学物质转移到它们的组织中[5-15]。尽管摄入的塑料和动物组织中污染物的浓度呈正相关，但很少有对照实验研究摄入的塑料是否会将污染物和添加剂转移给动物。我们将沙蚕（Arenicola marina）暴露在含有5%微塑料的沙子中，这些微塑料预先吸收了污染物（壬基酚和菲）和添加剂化学品（三氯生和多溴二苯醚-47）。微塑料将污染物和添加剂化学物质转移到蛔虫的肠道组织中，造成一些生物效应，尽管干净的沙子将更高浓度的污染物转移到它们的组织中。从PVC或沙子中摄取壬基酚会使体腔细胞去除致病菌的能力降低60%。从聚氯乙烯中摄取三氯生降低了蠕虫改造沉积物的能力，并导致了死亡率，每只降低了55%，而聚氯乙烯单独使蠕虫对氧化应激的敏感性增加了30%。随着全球微塑料污染的加速，我们的研究结果表明，高浓度的微塑料和添加剂会损害生物体的生态生理功能。
Inadequate products, waste management, and policy are struggling to prevent plastic waste from infiltrating ecosystems [1, 2]. Disintegration into smaller pieces means that the abundance of micrometer-sized plastic (microplastic) in habitats has increased [3] and outnumbers larger debris [2, 4]. When ingested by animals, plastic provides a feasible pathway to transfer attached pollutants and additive chemicals into their tissues [5-15]. Despite positive correlations between concentrations of ingested plastic and pollutants in tissues of animals, few, if any, controlled experiments have examined whether ingested plastic transfers pollutants and additives to animals. We exposed lugworms (Arenicola marina) to sand with 5% microplastic that was presorbed with pollutants (nonylphenol and phenanthrene) and additive chemicals (Triclosan and PBDE-47). Microplastic transferred pollutants and additive chemicals into gut tissues of lugworms, causing some biological effects, although clean sand transferred larger concentrations of pollutants into their tissues. Uptake of nonylphenol from PVC or sand reduced the ability of coelomocytes to remove pathogenic bacteria by >60%. Uptake of Triclosan from PVC diminished the ability of worms to engineer sediments and caused mortality, each by >55%, while PVC alone made worms >30% more susceptible to oxidative stress. As global microplastic contamination accelerates, our findings indicate that large concentrations of microplastic and additives can harm ecophysiological functions performed by organisms.