CRISPR Tools for Systematic Studies of RNA Regulation
CRISPR Tools for Systematic Studies of RNA Regulation
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a035386
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Zhang, Feng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Engreitz, Jesse;Abudayyeh, Omar;Zhang, Feng
RNA分子在哺乳动物细胞中执行多种功能，包括将遗传信息从DNA转移到蛋白质，并通过与其他细胞组分的相互作用发挥多种调节作用。在这里，我们讨论了如何集群定期间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）为基础的技术，DNA和RNA的定向扰动揭示了新的见解RNA调控。首先，我们回顾了CRISPR-Cas酶的基本原理和利用这些系统的功能基因组学工具。其次，我们探讨了这些新的扰动技术是如何改变RNA的调控研究，重点是DNA调控元件和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）的功能。第三，我们强调了一类新兴的RNA靶向CRISPR-Cas酶，它们有可能通过提供直接干扰或测量RNA修饰和功能的工具来催化RNA生物学研究。总之，这些工具使系统的研究RNA的功能和调节在哺乳动物细胞。
RNA molecules perform diverse functions in mammalian cells, including transferring genetic information from DNA to protein and playing diverse regulatory roles through interactions with other cellular components. Here, we discuss how clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-based technologies for directed perturbations of DNA and RNA are revealing new insights into RNA regulation. First, we review the fundamentals of CRISPR-Cas enzymes and functional genomics tools that leverage these systems. Second, we explore how these new perturbation technologies are transforming the study of regulation of and by RNA, focusing on the functions of DNA regulatory elements and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Third, we highlight an emerging class of RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas enzymes that have the potential to catalyze studies of RNA biology by providing tools to directly perturb or measure RNA modifications and functions. Together, these tools enable systematic studies of RNA function and regulation in mammalian cells.