Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: from synapses toward neural networks.

Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease: from synapses toward neural networks.
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DOI:
10.1038/nn.2583
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发表时间:
2010-07
影响因子:
25
通讯作者:
Mucke, Lennart
Mucke, Lennart
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Palop, Jorge J.;Mucke, Lennart

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阿尔茨海默病是最常见的神经退行性疾病,也是老年人痴呆的最常见病因。多种证据表明,β - 淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)肽在其发病机制中起因果作用,但其潜在机制仍不确定。在此我们讨论近期的证据,即Aβ可能是控制突触活动机制的一部分,在突触前起正调节作用,在突触后起负调节作用。寡聚Aβ聚集体的病理性积累在突触水平抑制兴奋性传递,但也在网络水平引发神经元回路活动的异常模式和癫痫样放电。Aβ诱导的抑制性中间神经元功能障碍可能会增加兴奋性主细胞之间的同步性,并导致神经元网络的不稳定。阻断这些Aβ效应的策略可能预防阿尔茨海默病的认知能力下降。还讨论了实现这一目标的潜在障碍和后续步骤。
Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Diverse lines of evidence suggest that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides have a causal role in its pathogenesis, but the underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Here we discuss recent evidence that Aβ may be part of a mechanism controlling synaptic activity, acting as a positive regulator presynaptically and a negative regulator postsynaptically. The pathological accumulation of oligomeric Aβ assemblies depresses excitatory transmission at the synaptic level, but also triggers aberrant patterns of neuronal circuit activity and epileptiform discharges at the network level. Aβ-induced dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons likely increases synchrony among excitatory principal cells and contributes to the destabilization of neuronal networks. Strategies that block these Aβ effects may prevent cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Potential obstacles and next steps toward this goal are discussed.
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