Carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Bering/Chukchi Seas: Source regions for organic matter effecting AOU demands of the Arctic Ocean
Carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Bering/Chukchi Seas: Source regions for organic matter effecting AOU demands of the Arctic Ocean
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DOI：
10.1016/0079-6611(89)90006-2
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发表时间：
1989
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
J. Walsh;C. Mcroy;L. K. Coachman;J. Goering;J. Nihoul;T. Whitledge;T. Blackburn;P. L. Parker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Walsh;C. Mcroy;L. K. Coachman;J. Goering;J. Nihoul;T. Whitledge;T. Blackburn;P. L. Parker
最近对营养物（JoNEs和ANDm~ SON，1986）、放射性核素（Moo~和S~ a'm，1986）和氟里昂（WALLACE，MOOP.~和JONES，1987），已被用来估计在深（> 2000米）的加拿大海盆（图1）垂直和横向交换过程。平流扩散模型和氧的分布表明，在盐跃层内，在55-155米（WAu）深度的4.8-12.7克C米-2年I在这个盆地的表观氧利用率（AOU）。ACE，Moom~ and JONES，1987）.在塞萨尔研究场地的整个水柱上，深度综合AOU表明总碳消耗量为5.8-20.6 g C m-2 yr-1。在稳定状态下，如果沉积物中没有碳的埋藏，这种AOU意味着在上覆水的欣快带内至少有相同数量的”新”生产率。然而，加拿大和欧亚盆地的冰盖下的新的和再循环的初级生产力的总量< 5 g C m-2 yr-1，具有高藻类生物量（~ 1 I. tg chl [-1]仅在无积雪覆盖时出现（ENGlaSl-1，1961）。在北冰洋的斜坡和盆地（5.6x1012平方米），总的AOU表明，每年至少有3.2- 11.5x1013克C的碳输入（WALLACe、Moom和JONES，1987年）。对冰营关于碳酸钙溶解的数据进行的单独分析表明，在近海沃茨内的类似需求量为11.0 x 1013 g C yr 1（ANDm~ SON、Dvl~ Sm~和JONFS，1987年），不考虑有机物的埋藏。北极盆地100米厚的盐跃层的起源被认为是来自邻近大陆架地区的开阔水道和碎冰的冷的高盐度水的横向输入（AAGAARD，COACrlMAN和CARMACK，1981年; AAOAAgO，Swim和CARMACK，1985年a）。这种每年一次的级联过程也可能从季节性无冰的北极大陆架带走”新”产品的微粒残留物。仅在这些陆架（3.4 × 1012 m2）上划分，北冰洋内部的AOU需求意味着从楚科奇海、东西伯利亚海、拉普捷夫海、卡拉海、巴伦支海、林肯海和博福特海向欧亚和加拿大海盆输入-33 g C m-2 yr 1（图1）。然而，这一输入量可能是原地”新”生产量估计值的两倍，即，假定”f-比率”（新生产量与总生产量之比）为0.53，总平均生产量为27 g C m-2 yr，北极大陆架上的-15 g C m-2 yr-（HARRISON、PLATr和ERWIN，1982年; StraBA RAO和PLAa 'r，1984年）。
Recent studies of the nutrients (JoNEs and ANDm~ SON, 1986), radionuclides (Moo~ and S~ a'm, 1986), and freons (WALLACE, MOOP.~ and JONES, 1987) in the Arctic Ocean under the CESAR ice camp, north of Ellesmere Island, have been used to estimate vertical and lateral exchange processes within the deep (> 2000 m) Canadian basin (Fig. 1). Advection-diffusion models and the distribution of oxygen suggest apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) rates in this basin of 4.8-12.7 g C m-2 yr I within the halocline at depths of 55-155 m (WAu. ACE, Moom~ and JONES, 1987). Over the whole water column of the CESAR study site, the depth-integrated AOUs indicate a total carbon consumption of 5.8-20.6 g C m" 2 yr-LIn steady state, such AOUs imply" new" production rates of at least the same amount within the euphoric zone of the overlying water, if no burial of carbon occurs in the sediments. Yet the total of new and recycled primary production under the ice pack of the Canadian and Eurasian basins is< 5 g C m" 2 yr 1, with high algal biomass (~ 1 I. tg chl [-1) encountered only during absence of snow cover (ENGlaSl-i, 1961). Over the slopes and basins of the Arctic Ocean (5.6 x 1012 m2), the total AOU suggests a carbon input of at least 3.2-11.5 x 1013 g C yr 1 (WALLACe, Moom~ and JONES, 1987). A separate analysis of the ice camp data on calcium carbonate dissolution suggests a similar demand of 11.0 x 1013 g C yr 1 within offshore waters (ANDm~ SON, Dvl~ Sm~ and JONFS, 1987), without consideration of burial of organic matter. The origin of the 100-m thick halocline of the Arctic basins is thought to be the lateral input of cold, high-salinity water from adjacent shelf regions of open leads and broken ice (AAGAARD, COACrlMAN and CARMACK, 1981; AAOAAgO, Swim" and CARMACK, 1985a). This annual cascading process might also entrain particulate residues of" new" production from the seasonally, ice-free Arctic shelves. Partitioned over just these shelves (3.4 x 1012 m2), the AOU demand within the interior of the Arctic Ocean implies an import of-33 g C m-2 yr 1 from the shallow Chukchi, East Siberian, Laptev, Kara, Barents, Lincoln, and Beaufort Seas to the Eurasian and Canadian basins (Fig. 1). This import is perhaps twice that estimated for in situ" new" production, however, ie,-15 g C m-2 yr-~, on the Arctic shelves, assuming an" f-ratio"(new to total production) of 0.53 and a total mean production of 27 g C m-2 yr (HARRISON, PLATr and ERWIN, 1982; StraBA RAO and PLAa'r, 1984).