Gold Nanoclusters Potentially Facilitate Dentin Regeneration by Functioning Immunomodulation
Gold Nanoclusters Potentially Facilitate Dentin Regeneration by Functioning Immunomodulation
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金纳米团簇可能通过免疫调节功能促进牙本质再生
DOI：
10.3389/fmats.2022.612052
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发表时间：
2022-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lan Yang;Lan Xiao;Tianqing Liu;Wendong Gao;Yin Xiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lan Yang;Lan Xiao;Tianqing Liu;Wendong Gao;Yin Xiao
目前，在成年牙齿中实现牙髓活力维持和再生是困难的。牙本质破坏导致牙髓组织暴露于感染性口腔环境，从而引发持续严重的牙髓炎症，阻碍牙髓的自我再生能力。由于这些原因，牙本质桥的再生以阻止牙髓组织与口腔环境的接触是不可或缺的步骤。然而，这一目标是很难实现使用现有的策略，因为免疫调节的重要性，牙髓炎症微环境已被忽视。在我们之前的研究中，我们发现纳米材料二氢硫辛酸功能化的金纳米簇（DHLA-AuNCs）有效地调节小胶质细胞（中枢神经系统中的常驻巨噬细胞）的炎症反应，这表明DHLA-AuNCs可能通过调节牙髓巨噬细胞反应来诱导牙本质桥再生。在本研究中，我们发现DHLA-AuNCs在体外炎症条件下抑制巨噬细胞中的M1表型，同时促进M2表型。牙髓中炎症环境的这种调节增强了人牙髓基质细胞（hDPC）向成牙本质细胞的分化，这对牙本质再生是有益的。DHLA-AuNCs在hDPC的分化和矿化中也有直接作用。这些发现表明，DHLA-AuNCs通过有效的免疫调节和直接诱导基质细胞分化/矿化促进牙本质再生，为牙本质桥再生提供了潜在的治疗性纳米材料，其效果将有利于牙髓再生。
It is presently difficult to achieve dental pulp vitality maintenance and regeneration in adult teeth. Dentin destruction results in the exposure of the dental pulp tissue to infectious oral environments, thereby triggering continuous severe pulp inflammation that impedes the self-regenerative capacity of the pulp. For these reasons, the regeneration of dentin bridges to block pulp tissue from the oral environment is an indispensable step. Nevertheless, this goal is difficult to achieve using present strategies, because the importance of immunoregulation in the pulp inflammatory microenvironment has been ignored. In our previous study, we found that the nanomaterial dihydrolipoic acid-functionalized gold nanoclusters (DHLA-AuNCs) efficiently regulated inflammatory responses in microglia (resident macrophages in the central nervous system), suggesting that DHLA-AuNCs may induce dentin bridge regeneration by regulating dental pulp macrophage responses. In the present study, we found that DHLA-AuNCs inhibited the M1 phenotype while promoting the M2 phenotype in macrophages in inflammatory conditions in vitro. This regulation of the inflammatory environment in dental pulp enhanced the differentiation of human dental pulp stromal cells (hDPC) toward odontoblasts, a beneficial effect on dentin regeneration. DHLA-AuNCs also had a direct role in the differentiation and mineralization of hDPC. These findings suggest that DHLA-AuNCs facilitate dentin regeneration through both efficient immunomodulation and direct induction of stromal cell differentiation/mineralization, providing a potential therapeutic nanomaterial for dentin bridge regeneration, effects that would be beneficial for dental pulp regeneration.