THE GIVEN-NEW CONTRACT IN SPEECH TO INFANTS
THE GIVEN-NEW CONTRACT IN SPEECH TO INFANTS
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DOI：
10.1006/jmla.1995.1013
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发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
TOKURA, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FISHER, C;TOKURA, H
这项研究考察了两套对听者有用的说话者练习的相互作用--语音中给定单词相对于新单词的声学降低，以及婴儿讲话中典型的声学和语法修改。说英语的母亲向14个月大的婴儿和成年人描述了一场木偶剧。这项任务引发了在自发话语中重复使用一组常见的目标词。第一次提到的目标词和第二次提到的目标词在针对婴儿和成人的言语中有相似的不同：重复的词比第一次提到的词更短、更安静、音调更低、音调变化更小。与同一话语中的其他词语相比，重复词语也被放置在不太突出的位置：也就是说，它们比新词语更不可能成为话语的最终发音，不太可能受到句子重音的影响，也不太可能出现在话语音调的峰值上。因此，语音中给定信息的衰减似乎对说话者对听者成熟度的看法的巨大差异不敏感。我们认为，婴儿听者可能可以从区分给定单词和新单词中获得一些好处：给定单词和新单词之间的声学差异可能会以牺牲背景信息为代价，自动吸引婴儿对新单词的注意。(C)1995年学术出版社。
This study examined the interaction of two sets of speaker practices which are useful to listeners-the acoustic reduction of given as opposed to new words in speech and the acoustic and grammatical modifications typical of speech to infants. English-speaking mothers described a puppet show to their 14-month-old infants and to an adult. This task elicited the repeated use of a common set of target words in spontaneous utterances. First- and second-mentioned target words differed in similar ways in infant- and adult-directed speech: Repeated words were shorter, quieter, lower-pitched, and less variable in pitch than first-mentioned words. Repeated words were also placed in less prominent positions relative to other words in the same utterance: That is, they were less likely than new words to be utterance-final, to receive sentence stress, and to occur on an utterance pitch peak. Thus, the attenuation of given information in speech appears insensitive to large differences in the speaker's view of the listener's sophistication. We suggest that some of the benefits of the distinction between given and new words might be available to the infant listener: The acoustic difference between given and new words might serve to automatically attract infants' attention to new words at the expense of background information. (C) 1995 Academic Press, Inc.