Increased whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) growth and defense under a warmer and regionally drier climate
Increased whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) growth and defense under a warmer and regionally drier climate
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DOI：
10.3389/ffgc.2023.1089138
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发表时间：
2023-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. E. Kichas;G. Pederson;S. Hood;R. Everett;D. McWethy
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文献类型：
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作者：
N. E. Kichas;G. Pederson;S. Hood;R. Everett;D. McWethy
介绍树防御特性在调制针叶树树皮甲虫的相互作用中起着至关重要的作用，并且有越来越多的文献调查介导针叶树生长和基于树脂的防御的因素。研究的一个子集已经看到树木生长，树脂管形态和气候之间的关系，然而，这些研究几乎完全从低海拔，水分有限的系统。目前对高海拔、能量有限的生态系统中树脂管与气候之间的关系知之甚少。方法在本研究中，我们：（1）评价树木生长的生物学趋势、树脂道解剖学和气候变异性之间的关系;（2）确定白皮松（一种需要管理的高海拔针叶树）的树木生长和树脂道形态是否受到气候和/或区域干旱条件的限制。结果我们发现，高海拔白皮松生长在一个能量有限的系统经历了增加的增长和防御下温暖和区域干燥的条件下，与气候变量解释了相当大的比例的变化（20%-31%）在树径生长和树脂导管解剖。讨论我们的研究结果表明，白皮松的生长和防御在历史上受到短生长季节在高海拔环境的限制，但是，这种关系可能会改变在未来的长期变暖条件。
Introduction Tree defense characteristics play a crucial role in modulating conifer bark beetle interactions, and there is a growing body of literature investigating factors mediating tree growth and resin-based defenses in conifers. A subset of studies have looked at relationships between tree growth, resin duct morphology and climate; however, these studies are almost exclusively from lower-elevation, moisture-limited systems. The relationship between resin ducts and climate in higher-elevation, energy-limited ecosystems is currently poorly understood. Methods In this study, we: (1) evaluated the relationship between biological trends in tree growth, resin duct anatomy, and climatic variability and (2) determined if tree growth and resin duct morphology of whitebark pine, a high-elevation conifer of management concern, is constrained by climate and/or regional drought conditions. Results We found that high-elevation whitebark pine trees growing in an energy-limited system experienced increased growth and defense under warmer and regionally drier conditions, with climate variables explaining a substantive proportion of variation (∼20–31%) in tree diameter growth and resin duct anatomy. Discussion Our results suggest that whitebark pine growth and defense was historically limited by short growing seasons in high-elevation environments; however, this relationship may change in the future with prolonged warming conditions.