Cities and health: history, approaches, and key questions.
Cities and health: history, approaches, and key questions.
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城市与健康：历史、方法和关键问题。
DOI：
10.1097/00001888-200412000-00003
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Galea,Sandro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Vlahov,David;Gibble,Emily;Freudenberg,Nicholas;Galea,Sandro
未来几年，世界上大多数人口将居住在城市，未来几十年，世界各地的城市化步伐将继续加快。这种人口结构的急剧变化预计将对人口健康产生影响。虽然人们对城市生活与健康之间的关系一直很感兴趣，但这种兴趣时好时坏，尚未形成一个涵盖城市健康关键问题的令人信服的框架。在这篇文章中，作者讨论了当今城市健康研究的三种替代方法;这些方法包括从假定的城市健康惩罚的角度考虑城市健康，从城市蔓延的角度考虑城市健康，以及更全面地考虑城市生活条件如何与健康相关。作者还提出了三个关键问题，这些问题可能有助于指导未来几十年城市健康的研究和实践。这些问题包括考虑城市的哪些具体特征与健康有因果关系，这些特征在多大程度上是某一城市所独有的或在不同城市之间有所不同，以及最终考虑城市的这些特征在多大程度上是可以改变的，以便采取干预措施改善城市人口的健康。
The majority of the world's population will live in cities in the next few years, and the pace of urbanization worldwide will continue to accelerate over the coming decades. Such a dramatic demographic shift can be expected to have an impact on population health. Although there has been historic interest in how city living is associated with health, this interest has waxed and waned and a cogent framework has yet to evolve that encompasses key issues in urban health. In this article, the authors discuss three alternate approaches to the study of urban health today; these include considering urban health from the perspective of a presumed urban health penalty, from an urban sprawl perspective, and more comprehensively, considering how urban living conditions may be associated with health. The authors also propose three key questions that may help guide the study and practice of urban health in coming decades. These include considering what specific features of cities are causally related to health, the extent to which these features are unique to a particular city or are different between cities, and ultimately, to what extent these features of cities are modifiable in order to allow interventions that can improve the health of urban populations.