New semantic learning in patients with large medial temporal lobe lesions
New semantic learning in patients with large medial temporal lobe lesions
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DOI：
10.1002/hipo.20417
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Squire, L. R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bayley, P. J.;O'Reilly, R. C.;Squire, L. R.
两名内侧颞叶有大病灶的患者接受了四项语义知识测试，这些测试只能在他们的健忘症发作后获得。与以往对病后语义学习的研究不同，正确的答案可能基于对单个单词、面孔或物体的简单、非特定的熟悉感。根据最近的计算模型（例如，Norman和O 'Reilly（2003）Psychol Rev 110：611-646），该特征对于检测可能由新皮层直接支持的语义学习的类型应该是最佳的。两名患者都表现出一定的新学习能力，尽管其水平大大低于对照组。值得注意的是，正确答案似乎反映了陈述性记忆。并不是说在没有任何额外知识的情况下，正确的答案会自动地跳出来。相反，患者做出的少数正确选择往往伴随着关于所选项目的额外信息，并且可用的知识似乎与健康个体多年来逐渐获得的事实知识在质量上相似。结果是一致的想法，内侧颞叶外的新皮层结构能够支持一些语义学习，虽然在一个非常有限的程度。或者，在本研究中检测到的少量学习可能取决于两名患者中保持完整的后内侧颞叶内的组织。(C)2008 Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Two patients with large lesions of the medial temporal lobe were given four tests of semantic knowledge that could only have been acquired after the onset of their amnesia. In contrast to previous studies of postmorbid semantic learning, correct answers could be based on a simple, nonspecific sense of familiarity about single words, faces, or objects. According to recent computational models (for example, Norman and O'Reilly (2003) Psychol Rev 110:611-646), this characteristic should be optimal for detecting the kind of semantic learning that might be supported directly by the neocortex. Both patients exhibited some capacity for new learning, albeit at a level substantially below control performances. Notably, the correct answers appeared to reflect declarative memory. It was not the case that the correct answers simply popped out in some automatic way in the absence of any additional knowledge about the items. Rather, the few correct choices made by the patients tended to be accompanied by additional information about the chosen items, and the available knowledge appeared to be similar qualitatively to the kind of factual knowledge that healthy individuals gradually acquire over the years. The results are consistent with the idea that neocortical structures outside the medial temporal lobe are able to support some semantic learning, albeit to a very limited extent. Alternatively, the small amount of learning detected in the present study could depend on tissue within the posterior medial temporal lobe that remains intact in both patients. (C) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.