Hovering Energetics and Thermal Balance in Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna)
Hovering Energetics and Thermal Balance in Anna's Hummingbirds (Calypte anna)
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DOI：
10.1086/651460
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Dudley, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Evangelista, Dennis;Fernandez, Maria Jose;Dudley, Robert
我们研究了悬停进食的安娜蜂鸟的能量学，使用了三种不同的同时技术：通过热成像估计的热损失，在饲养面罩上使用流动呼吸法测量的代谢率，以及从翼拍运动学数据估计的空气动力。这三种方法对环境温度在18至26摄氏度范围内的功率输出进行了比较的估计，而在较高空气温度（高达34摄氏度）下的热量不平衡表明，身体的对流和辐射以外的机制造成了损失，例如蒸发冷却和与呼出的空气和排泄的水相关的焓升高，以及来自patagia的对流热损失。随着气温的升高，蜂鸟的拍翼频率增加，拍击幅度减小，但在实验温度范围内，整体肌肉效率基本保持不变。
We studied the energetics of hover-feeding Anna's hummingbirds, using three different simultaneous techniques: heat loss as estimated via thermal imaging, metabolic rate as measured at a feeder mask using flow-through respirometry, and aerodynamic power estimated from wingbeat kinematic data. These three methods yielded comparable estimates of power output at ambient air temperatures ranging from 18 degrees to 26 degrees C, whereas heat imbalance at higher air temperatures (up to 34 degrees C) suggested loss by mechanisms other than convection and radiation from the body, such as evaporative cooling and enthalpy rise associated with exhaled air and excreted water and convective heat loss from the patagia. Hummingbirds increased wingbeat frequency and decreased stroke amplitude as air temperature increased, but overall muscle efficiency was found to be approximately constant over the experimental range of air temperatures.