Evolution of surrogate light chain in tetrapods and the relationship between lengths of CDR H3 and VpreB tails.

Evolution of surrogate light chain in tetrapods and the relationship between lengths of CDR H3 and VpreB tails.
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DOI:
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001134
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
7.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学2区
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在哺乳动物免疫系统中,替代轻链 (SLC) 通过充当功能性重链 (HC) 生成的检查点,在 B 细胞发育过程中塑造抗体库。结构研究表明,VpreB 的尾部区域接触并覆盖 HC 的第三个互补决定区 (CDR H3)。然而,某些物种,特别是牛,具有可能与此 HC-SLC 相互作用模型不兼容的 CDR H3 区域。由于不同物种的抗体库具有巨大的结构和遗传多样性,我们评估了替代轻链成分的遗传起源和序列特征。我们检查了四足动物基因组,寻找保守基因同线性的证据,以确定 VpreB1、VpreB2 和 IGLL1,以及 VpreB3 和前 T 细胞受体 α (PTCRA) 基因的进化起源。我们仅在真兽类哺乳动物中发现了 SLC 成分(VpreB1、VpreB2 和 IGLL1)的基因。然而,PTCRA 基因存在于所有羊膜动物群体中,VpreB3 基因存在于所有四足动物群体中,并且这些基因高度保守。此外,我们在非哺乳动物四足动物中发现了一个新的 VpreB 基因,该基因与真兽类哺乳动物的 VpreB2 基因相似,表明 VpreB2 可能在四足动物进化中较早出现,并且可能是高等脊椎动物中传统 VpreB2 基因的前身。在真兽类哺乳动物中,除兔子和啮齿动物外,所有群体的 VpreB1 和 VpreB2 之间的序列保守性都很低,其中 VpreB2 与 VpreB1 几乎相同,并且与其他物种的 VpreB2 不具有保守的同线性。兔子和啮齿动物的 VpreB2 可能代表 VpreB1 的重复变体,并且与其他哺乳动物的 VpreB2 不同。因此,兔子和啮齿动物有两种 VpreB1 变体(VpreB1-1 和 VpreB1-2),但没有 VpreB2。 VpreB 尾区的序列分析表明序列内容、电荷和长度存在差异;在可用的库数据的情况下,我们观察到 VpreB2 尾长和最大 DH 长度之间存在显着关系。我们假设 SLC 成分与免疫球蛋白 HC 共同进化以适应全部功能——特别是 CDR H3 长度和结构,也许非常不寻常的 HC(如牛的超长 HC)可能完全绕过这个发育检查点。
In the mammalian immune system, the surrogate light chain (SLC) shapes the antibody repertoire during B cell development by serving as a checkpoint for production of functional heavy chains (HC). Structural studies indicate that tail regions of VpreB contact and cover the third complementarity-determining region of the HC (CDR H3). However, some species, particularly bovines, have CDR H3 regions that may not be compatible with this HC-SLC interaction model. With immense structural and genetic diversity in antibody repertoires across species, we evaluated the genetic origins and sequence features of surrogate light chain components. We examined tetrapod genomes for evidence of conserved gene synteny to determine the evolutionary origin of VpreB1, VpreB2, and IGLL1, as well as VpreB3 and pre-T cell receptor alpha (PTCRA) genes. We found the genes for the SLC components (VpreB1, VpreB2, and IGLL1) only in eutherian mammals. However, genes for PTCRA occurred in all amniote groups and genes for VpreB3 occurred in all tetrapod groups, and these genes were highly conserved. Additionally, we found evidence of a new VpreB gene in non-mammalian tetrapods that is similar to the VpreB2 gene of eutherian mammals, suggesting VpreB2 may have appeared earlier in tetrapod evolution and may be a precursor to traditional VpreB2 genes in higher vertebrates. Among eutherian mammals, sequence conservation between VpreB1 and VpreB2 was low for all groups except rabbits and rodents, where VpreB2 was nearly identical to VpreB1 and did not share conserved synteny with VpreB2 of other species. VpreB2 of rabbits and rodents likely represents a duplicated variant of VpreB1 and is distinct from the VpreB2 of other mammals. Thus, rabbits and rodents have two variants of VpreB1 (VpreB1-1 and VpreB1-2) but no VpreB2. Sequence analysis of VpreB tail regions indicated differences in sequence content, charge, and length; where repertoire data was available, we observed a significant relationship between VpreB2 tail length and maximum DH length. We posit that SLC components co-evolved with immunoglobulin HC to accommodate the repertoire – particularly CDR H3 length and structure, and perhaps highly unusual HC (like ultralong HC of cattle) may bypass this developmental checkpoint altogether.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2016.05.004
发表时间: 2016-06
影响因子: 6.8
作者:
Vadnais ML;Smider VV
通讯作者: Smider VV