Taxonomy, phylogeny and divergence times of Polyporus (Basidiomycota) and related genera
Taxonomy, phylogeny and divergence times of Polyporus (Basidiomycota) and related genera
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猪苓属（担子菌门）及相关属的分类学、系统发育和分化时间
DOI：
10.5943/mycosphere/13/1/1
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发表时间：
2022-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
14.6
通讯作者：
Cui, B. K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ji, X.;Zhou, J. L.;Cui, B. K.
多孔菌属(Polyporus)是一个在分类学上有争议的属，包括六个亚属组的物种。近年来，多孔菌属的许多种已被转移到其他相关属。在系统发育和形态分析的基础上，对Ceriopus、Favolus、Lentinus、Neofavolus和Pspes进行了分类。为确定多孔菌属与其近缘属的亲缘关系，共扩增出8个DNA片段，分别为：多孔菌属、多孔菌属和近缘属。核糖体大亚基(NLSU)、部分翻译延伸因子1-α基因(eF1-α)、线粒体小亚基(MtSSU)、微管蛋白基因(TUB)、β聚合酶II最大亚基基因(RPB1)、核糖体第二大亚基基因(RPB2)和核核糖体小亚基基因(NSSU)被用于分子系统研究。基于ITS+nLSU和(ITS+nLSU+EF1α+mtSSU+RPb1+RPb2+nSSU+TUB)两个数据集进行系统发育分析，结果表明，多孔菌及其近缘属可分为6个支系：胡椒支系、蚕豆支系、新香菇支系、香菇支系、核心多孔菌支系和鳞片属支系。并利用BEAST V1.8软件，利用5.8S、nLSU、EF1-α、RPb1、RPb2和nSSU等6个片段的保守区序列，分析了多孔菌及其近缘属的分化时间和进化关系。贝叶斯进化分析表明，多孔菌的祖先大约在141.81 Mya左右分裂，而多孔菌及其近缘属六大支系的平均茎年龄为49-63 Mya。基于形态、系统发育和分化时间的综合分析，香菇分支中的物种由皮质(新鲜)到硬(干)基生菌丝和强烈分枝的骨架结合菌丝组成的香菇属；嵌套在叶柄分支和新香菇分支中的物种分别被视为两个不同的属Favolus和Neofavolus；香菇分支中具有中心和浅色柄和膨大的菌丝的多孔菌被转移到香菇中，核心多孔菌分支被视为Polyporus S Str。鳞毛虫分支包含几个不同属的物种。达特罗尼亚属，达特罗尼亚属，棘毛纲，菌丝纲，新达特罗尼亚属，多孔菌属，S。和Pseudofavolus，但没有足够有效的形态证据来结合鳞状菌菌圈13(1)：1-52(2022)www.mycphere.org ISSN 2077 7019
Polyporus is a taxonomically controversial genus which includes species belonging to six infrageneric groups. Recently, many species of Polyporus have been transferred into other related genera viz. Cerioporus, Favolus, Lentinus, Neofavolus and Picipes based on the phylogenetic and morphological analyses. To ascertain the relationships of Polyporus and its allied genera, eight DNA fragments viz. the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with the 5.8S rDNA (ITS), the nuclear ribosomal large subunit (nLSU), partial translation elongation factor 1-α gene (EF1-α), the mitochondrial small-subunit (mtSSU), the β-tubulin gene (TUB), the gene for RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), the gene for RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) and the nuclear ribosomal small subunit (nSSU), are used in the molecular systematic studies. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on two combined datasets (ITS+nLSU) and (ITS+nLSU+EF1α+mtSSU+RPB1+RPB2+nSSU+TUB), and the results indicated that species of Polyporus and its related genera fell into six well supported clades: the picipes clade, the favolus calde, the neofavolus clade, the lentinus clade, the core polyporus clade and the squamosus clade. Moreover, the conserved regions of six DNA fragments (5.8S, nLSU, EF1-α, RPB1, RPB2 and nSSU) were used to analyze the divergence times and evolutionary relationships of Polyporus and its related genera by using BEAST v1.8. Bayesian evolutionary analysis revealed that the ancestor of Polyporales split at about 141.81 Mya, while the mean stem ages of the six major clades of Polyporus and its allied genera were 49–63 Mya. Based on the combined analyses of morphology, phylogenies and divergence times, species in the picipes clade formed the genus Picipes by the coriaceous (fresh) to hard (dry) basidiomata and strongly branched skeleto-binding hyphae; species nested in the favolus clade and the neofavolus clade were separately treated as two distinct genera Favolus and Neofavolus; the polyporoid species in the lentinus clade with central and light-colored stipe and inflated hyphae were transferred into Lentinus, and the core polyporus clade was treated as Polyporus s. str. The squamosus clade contained species belonging to several different genera viz. Datronia, Datroniella, Echinochaete, Mycobonia, Neodatronia, Polyporus s. lat. and Pseudofavolus, but there are no enough efficient morphological evidence to combine all species in the squamosus Mycosphere 13(1): 1–52 (2022) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019