Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia
Functional disruption in the organization of the brain for reading in dyslexia
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.95.5.2636
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发表时间：
1998-03-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Gore, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shaywitz, SE;Shaywitz, BA;Gore, JC
学习阅读需要一种意识，即口语单词可以分解成字母字符所代表的语音成分。这种语音意识在阅读困难的读者中是典型的缺乏的，因此，他们很难将字母字符映射到口语单词上。为了找出导致这种损害的神经系统功能障碍的位置和程度，我们使用功能磁共振成像技术比较了阅读障碍患者和非阅读障碍受试者在执行对语音分析要求越来越高的任务时的大脑激活模式。阅读障碍读者组之间的大脑激活模式显著不同，表现为后部区域(韦尼克区、角回和纹状皮质)相对激活不足，而前部区域(额叶下回)相对过度激活。这些结果支持了这样一个结论，即阅读障碍的损害本质上是音系学的，这些大脑激活模式可能为这种损害提供了神经标志。
Learning to read requires an awareness that spoken words can be decomposed into the phonologic constituents that the alphabetic characters represent. Such phonologic awareness is characteristically lacking in dyslexic readers who, therefore, have difficulty mapping the alphabetic characters onto the spoken word. To find the location and extent of the functional disruption in neural systems that underlies this impairment, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare brain activation patterns in dyslexic and nonimpaired subjects as they performed tasks that made progressively greater demands on phonologic analysis. Brain activation patterns differed significantly between the groups with dyslexic readers showing relative underactivation in posterior regions (Wernicke's area, the angular gyrus, and striate cortex) and relative overactivation in an anterior region (inferior frontal gyrus). These results support a conclusion that the impairment in dyslexia is phonologic in nature and that these brain activation patterns may provide a neural signature for this impairment.