Professor Penck's Bluff: Geography, Espionage and Hysteria in World War I
Professor Penck's Bluff: Geography, Espionage and Hysteria in World War I
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彭克教授的虚张声势：第一次世界大战中的地理、间谍活动和歇斯底里
DOI：
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Michael Heffernan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Michael Heffernan
本文通过讨论报纸上关于德国和英国地理学家战前活动的争议，来探讨第一次世界大战期间地理学的形象。战争初期，著名的地理学家斯文·赫定（Sven Hedin）和阿尔布雷希特·彭克（Albrecht Penck）的成就受到英国地理学界的广泛赞誉，但他们却被媒体称为敌方间谍，他们在英国和帝国进行的所谓无私的科学调查掩盖了他们向德国最高统帅部传递敏感信息的真实的意图。英国地理被指控与敌方“超级间谍”勾结。本文探讨了以皇家地理学会为代表的英国地理学界如何捍卫这一学科的爱国美德，并阻止媒体的全面政治迫害。在这样做的时候，文章评论媒体的作用，在塑造地理的形象和地理的地方在公众辩论的神圣性的国家空间。
Abstract This article considers the image of geography during World War I through a discussion of newspaper controversies about the pre‐war activities of German and British geographers. Early in the war, Sven Hedin and Albrecht Penck, renowned geographers whose achievements had been widely celebrated by the British geographical establishment, were named in the media as enemy spies whose supposedly disinterested scientific inquiries in Britain and the Empire had masked their real intention to pass sensitive information to the German High Command. British geography stood accused of collusion with enemy ‘super spies’. This article examines how Britain's geographical community, represented by the Royal Geographical Society, sought to defend the discipline's patriotic virtue and head off a full‐scale media witch‐hunt. In so doing, the article comments on the media's role in shaping the image of geography and on geography's place in public debates about the sanctity of the national space.