From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium
From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00065-4
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Seeman, TE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berkman, LF;Glass, T;Seeman, TE
人们普遍认为，社会关系和归属感对身心健康有着强大的影响。当研究人员撰写社会关系对健康的影响时，许多术语被松散地互换使用，包括社交网络、社会联系和社会融合。本文的目的是澄清这些术语使用一个单一的框架。我们讨论：（1）来自不同学科的理论方向，我们认为这是推进这一领域研究的基础;（2）一套定义，伴随着主要的评估工具;（3）一个总体模型，整合多层次的现象，我们借鉴的理论方向是由涂尔干开发的，他在社会融合和自杀方面的工作是开创性的。一位发展了与儿童发展有关的依恋理论的精神病学家和当代社会网络理论家。我们提出了一个社交网络如何影响健康的概念模型。我们设想了一个级联的因果过程，从宏观社会到心理生物过程，这些过程动态地联系在一起，形成社会融合影响健康的过程。我们首先将社交网络嵌入到一个更大的社会和文化背景中，在这个背景中，上游力量被认为是网络结构的条件。除了少数研究外，其他研究都缺乏对网络形成和维持的宏观社会背景的认真考虑，在社会网络对健康影响的研究中几乎完全没有，我们接下来了解网络结构和功能对社会和人际行为的影响。我们认为，网络在行为层面上通过四个主要途径运作：（1）提供社会支持;（2）社会影响力;（3）社会参与和依恋;（4）获得资源和物质商品，（C）2000爱思唯尔科学有限公司保留所有权利。
It is widely recognized that social relationships and affiliation have powerful effects on physical and mental health. When investigators write about the impact of social relationships on health, many terms are used loosely and interchangeably including social networks, social ties and social integration. The aim of this paper is to clarify these terms using a single framework. We discuss: (1) theoretical orientations from diverse disciplines which we believe are fundamental to advancing research in this area; (2) a set of definitions accompanied by major assessment tools; and (3) an overarching model which integrates multilevel phenomena,Theoretical orientations that we draw upon were developed by Durkheim whose work on social integration and suicide are seminal and John Bowlby. a psychiatrist who developed attachment theory in relation to child development and contemporary social network theorists.We present a conceptual model of how social networks impact health. We envision a cascading causal process beginning with the macro-social to psychobiological processes that are dynamically linked together to form the processes by which social integration effects health. We start by embedding social networks in a larger social and cultural context in which upstream forces are seen to condition network structure. Serious consideration of the larger macro-social context in which networks form and are sustained has been lacking in all but a small number of studies and is almost completely absent in studies of social network influences on health.We then move downstream to understand the influences network structure and function have on social and interpersonal behavior. We argue that networks operate at the behavioral level through four primary pathways: (1) provision of social support; (2) social influence; (3) on social engagement and attachment: and (4) access to resources and material goods, (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.