Mechanisms of axon regeneration: The significance of proteoglycans.
Mechanisms of axon regeneration: The significance of proteoglycans.
复制标题
轴突再生机制：蛋白多糖的重要性。
DOI：
10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.005
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kadomatsu K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sakamoto K;Kadomatsu K.
背景专门针对神经损伤的治疗方法早已被期待，但仍然无法获得。中枢神经系统中的轴突在损伤后不易再生，导致神经系统功能障碍。这种再生失败既是由于轴突再生的内在能力低，也是由于损伤后出现的各种抑制物所致。然而，经过多年的共同努力，轴突再生的这些障碍已经部分克服。本文综述了轴突再生的调控机制。我们强调蛋白多糖，特别是因为越来越清楚的是，这些蛋白是轴突再生的关键调节因子。主要结论对蛋白多糖的研究表明，蛋白多糖不仅有助于调节蛋白质功能，而且还扮演主要角色-例如，作为功能配体通过细胞表面的特定受体介导细胞内信号传递。通过调节受体的聚集，蛋白多糖部分中的多聚糖，即糖胺多糖，促进或抑制轴突再生。此外，蛋白多糖还参与各种类型的神经可塑性，从突触可塑性到经验依赖性可塑性。一般意义虽然对蛋白质的研究逐渐促进了我们对神经系统的了解，但多糖构成了这一领域进一步研究和发展的新前沿。本文是由Kadomatsu和Hiroshi Kitagawa编辑的《神经-糖科学》特刊的一部分。
BackgroundTherapeutics specific to neural injury have long been anticipated but remain unavailable. Axons in the central nervous system do not readily regenerate after injury, leading to dysfunction of the nervous system. This failure of regeneration is due to both the low intrinsic capacity of axons for regeneration and the various inhibitors emerging upon injury. After many years of concerted efforts, however, these hurdles to axon regeneration have been partially overcome.Scope of reviewThis review summarizes the mechanisms regulating axon regeneration. We highlight proteoglycans, particularly because it has become increasingly clear that these proteins serve as critical regulators for axon regeneration.Major conclusionsStudies on proteoglycans have revealed that glycans not only assist in the modulation of protein functions but also act as main players—e.g., as functional ligands mediating intracellular signaling through specific receptors on the cell surface. By regulating clustering of the receptors, glycans in the proteoglycan moiety, i.e., glycosaminoglycans, promote or inhibit axon regeneration. In addition, proteoglycans are involved in various types of neural plasticity, ranging from synaptic plasticity to experience-dependent plasticity.General significanceAlthough studies on proteins have progressively facilitated our understanding of the nervous system, glycans constitute a new frontier for further research and development in this field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.