Monomicellar assembly to synthesize structured and functional mesoporous carbonaceous nanomaterials
Monomicellar assembly to synthesize structured and functional mesoporous carbonaceous nanomaterials
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单束组装合成结构化和功能性介孔碳质纳米材料
DOI：
10.1038/s41596-022-00784-6
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发表时间：
2022-12-14
期刊：
影响因子：
14.8
通讯作者：
Zhao, Dongyuan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peng, Liang;Peng, Huarong;Zhao, Dongyuan
功能介孔碳质纳米材料的大孔具有广泛的可及性，是生物医学、气体分离、催化、传感、能量储存和转化等领域中化学物质大量传输的有效载体。最近，单胶束组装已被用于控制碳质纳米材料的纳米结构和介孔，其中结构导向单元是由嵌段共聚物/表面活性剂和前体物质（通过氢键，库仑和/或其他非共价相互作用）组成的单个胶束。每个单束代表一个中孔的模板，多个单束可以像乐高积木一样堆叠起来。前体物质（在本例中为多巴胺）聚合后，碳化产生含碳纳米材料。通过改变合成条件，可以很容易地调整胶束的大小、结构和形状，从而对最终产品的结构提供高度的控制，从而可以形成原始的纳米结构，否则使用传统的模板方法很难合成。本文详细介绍了单束的制备、单束组装成介观结构聚合物样品以及将聚合物样品转化为碳质框架的过程。我们描述了两种中孔碳质纳米材料的功能表征，它们分别表现出优异的钠离子储存性能和氧还原反应性。单束组装法制备有序介孔聚合物需要~5 h；合成，包括随后的离心，冷冻干燥和碳化，需要2天，而整个过程，包括纳米材料的表征，需要~4天。
The large pores of functional mesoporous carbonaceous nanomaterials have broad accessibility, making them efficient substrates for the mass transport of chemicals in biomedical applications, gas separation, catalysis, sensing, and energy storage and conversion. Recently, the assembly of monomicelles has been used to control the nanostructure and mesoporosity of carbonaceous nanomaterials, where the structure-oriented unit is a single micelle made up of block copolymers/surfactants and of precursor species (via hydrogen bonds, Coulombic and/or other noncovalent interactions). Each monomicelle then represents a template for a single mesopore, and multiple monomicelles can be stacked like LEGO blocks. After polymerization of the precursor species (in this case dopamine), carbonization results in the carbonaceous nanomaterial. The micellar size, structure and shape can be easily tuned by altering the synthetic conditions, providing a high degree of control over the structure of the final product, which can therefore be shaped into original nanostructures otherwise difficult to synthesize using conventional templating methods. Here we provide a detailed procedure for the preparation of the monomicelles, the monomicellar assembly into mesostructured polymeric samples and the conversion of polymeric samples to carbonaceous frameworks. We describe the functional characterization of two mesoporous carbonaceous nanomaterials that demonstrate excellent sodium-ion storage performance and oxygen reduction reactivity, respectively. The monomicellar assembly process for the synthesis of the ordered mesoporous polymers requires ~5 h; the synthesis, including subsequent centrifugation, freeze drying and carbonization, requires 2 d, whereas the entire procedure, including the characterization of the nanomaterials, requires ~4 d.