Optical Fiber Distributed Sensing - Physical Principles and Applications
Optical Fiber Distributed Sensing - Physical Principles and Applications
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DOI：
10.1177/1475921710365263
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发表时间：
2010-05-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Soller, Brian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guemes, Alfredo;Fernandez-Lopez, Antonio;Soller, Brian
以足够的空间分辨率和应变精度获得光纤沿线的应变数据，为结构试验和结构健康监测提供了新的可能性。以前，只有应变计或光纤布拉格光栅等点传感器可用，有关对载荷的响应的信息仅限于传感器连接的点。除非传感器位于损伤起始点附近，否则将丢失有关故障起始点和扩展的细节。在分布式系统中，信息以一组数据的形式给出，其中包含光纤中的位置以及此时的应变或温度数据。在本文中，讨论了不同分布式传感技术背后的物理原理，并根据后向散射波长进行了分类；这对于理解其可能性和性能是重要的。分布式传感器的性能定义比传统的点传感器更困难，因为性能依赖于相关测量参数的组合。例如，精度取决于空间分辨率、采集时间、距离范围或测量位置之前的累积损耗。这项新技术的应用领域非常广泛，以40m长风力机叶片的结构试验结果为例，对屈曲起始位置和载荷进行了检测，并对复合材料板进行了脱层检测。
Obtaining the strain data all along the optical fiber, with adequate spatial resolution and strain accuracy, opens new possibilities for structural tests and for structural health monitoring. Formerly, only point sensors, as strain gages or fiber Bragg grating, were available, and information about the response to loads was restricted only to those points on which the sensors were bonded. Unless a sensor was located near the damage initiation point, details about the failure initiation and growth were lost. With a distributed system, the information is given as an array of data with the position in the optical fiber and the strain or temperature data at this point. In this article, the physical principles underlying the different techniques for distributed sensing are discussed, a classification is done based on the backscattered wavelength; this is important to understand its possibilities and performances. The definition of performance for distributed sensors is more difficult than for traditional point sensors because the performance depends on a combination of related measurement parameters. For example, accuracy depends on the spatial resolution, acquisition time, distance range, or cumulated loss prior to measurement location. The field of applications of this new technology is very wide; results of the structural tests of a 40 m long wind turbine blade, detecting the location and load of onset of buckling, and the results of the delamination detection in a composite plate, are presented as examples.