A narrative review on the basic and clinical aspects of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19.
A narrative review on the basic and clinical aspects of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19.
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DOI：
10.21037/atm-20-5272
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发表时间：
2020-12
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tyagi M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hokello J;Sharma AL;Shukla GC;Tyagi M
新型 SARS-CoV-2 导致冠状病毒病 19 (COVID-19) 持续爆发，这是一种人类全身性感染。自2019年12月首次发现以来，确诊病例数持续增加。在短时间内，这种疾病已成为一个全球性问题，因此被称为大流行病。目前的理解和解释是基于流行病学、临床和生理学观察。此外，这仍然是一个巨大的挑战，因为对于这种新的致病病毒还有很多需要了解的地方。因此，我们试图提供 SARS-CoV-2 的概述，包括其分类、起源、基因组结构、复制周期、传播、发病机制、临床方面、诊断、治疗、预防和疫苗选择。我们使用医学数据库中的关键词“SAR-CoV-2”和“COVID19”对截至 2020 年 8 月发表的文章进行了文献检索； PubMed、谷歌学术、EMBASE 和 web of science。根据收集到的信息，由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的新出现的 COVID-19 在某些年龄组中表现出很强的传染性，但在疾病严重程度和死亡率方面表现出较低的毒力。它对人民健康福祉、社会生活和全球经济影响造成更大损害。不幸的是，迄今为止，全球还没有针对这一流行病采取适当的标准应对措施，每个国家都面临着基于其具体情况、专业知识和假设的危机。尽管尚无针对新型 SARS-CoV-2 的有效疗法和疫苗，但预防措施是我们控制 COVID-19 大流行传播的唯一可用工具。正在进行和未来的研究更多地侧重于开发标准治疗策略和有效的疫苗，这将有助于应对全球这一流行病。
The novel SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for causing the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), a systemic infection in humans. Ever since it was first detected in December 2019, the number of confirmed cases has continued to increase. Within a short period, this disease has become a global issue, and therefore it is characterized as a pandemic. The current understanding and explanations are based on epidemiological, clinical and physiological observations. Besides, it remains a great challenge, as much remains to be understood about this new disease-causing virus. Therefore, we seek to provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2, including its classification, origin, genomic structure, replication cycle, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, treatments, prevention and vaccine options. We conducted a literature search for the articles published up to August 2020 using the keywords ‘SAR-CoV-2’ and ‘COVID19’ in medical databases; PubMed, google scholar, EMBASE, and web of science. Based on the information collected, the emerging COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, exhibits strong infectivity but less virulence in terms of severity of disease and mortality rates in certain age groups. It inflicts more damage in terms of peoples’ health and well-being, social life, and global economic impacts. Unfortunately, there is no adequate global and standard response to this pandemic to date, and each country is facing a crisis based on its situation, expertise, and hypotheses. While there is no effective therapy and vaccine against the novel SARS-CoV-2 yet, preventive measures are the only tool available to our disposal to control the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Ongoing and future research is focused more on developing standard treatment strategies, and efficacious vaccines, which would be useful to tackle this pandemic globally.