Description of Cryptosporidium ornithophilus n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in farmed ostriches
Description of Cryptosporidium ornithophilus n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in farmed ostriches
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-020-04191-2
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发表时间：
2020-07-08
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Kvac, Martin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Holubova, Nikola;Tumova, Lenka;Kvac, Martin
背景资料：禽隐孢子虫病是一种常见的寄生虫病，由5个物种引起，在分子和生物学水平上得到了很好的表征，超过18种基因型，我们的信息有限。在这项研究中，我们确定了隐孢子虫的发生和分子特征。方法：对捷克共和国养殖鸵鸟中隐孢子虫的发生和遗传特性进行研究。通过显微镜和小亚基rRNA、肌动蛋白、HSP 70和gp 60基因的PCR/测序进行分析。隐孢子虫禽基因型II进行了检查，从自然和实验感染的主机，并采用差分干扰对比测量。通过电子显微镜和组织学研究了生命周期阶段的定位。隐孢子虫禽基因型II对凤头鹦鹉（Nymphicus hollandicus（Kerr））、鸡（Gallus gallus f.（L.）），鹅（Anser anser f.（L.）），SCID和BALB/c小鼠（Mus musculus L.）结果：共检测204份粪便标本中隐孢子虫。使用差异染色和PCR/测序。通过小亚基rRNA、肌动蛋白、HSP 70和gp 60基因序列分析，发现禽隐孢子虫基因型II（n = 7）和隐孢子虫C. ubiquitin Fayer，Mr.& Macquitin，2010 IXa（n = 5）.只有鸵鸟感染隐孢子虫禽基因型II脱落的卵囊，可通过显微镜检测。从四只鸟的合并样品中纯化卵囊，进行形态测定并用于实验感染以确定生物学特性。禽隐孢子虫基因型II的卵囊平均大小为6.13 × 5.15 μ m，与C. baileyi Current，厄普顿& Haynes，1986和C. Avium Holubova，Sak，Horcickova，Hlaskova，Kvetonova，Menchaca，McEhrs & Kvac，2016.隐孢子虫禽基因型II是实验感染鹅，鸡和鹦鹉，与4，7和8天的感染后，分别为专利期。感染强度范围从1000到16,000卵囊/gm. No自然或实验感染的鸟类在本study.Conclusions的临床症状：隐孢子虫禽基因型II的分子和生物学特性，这里描述，支持建立一个新的物种，隐孢子虫ornithophilus n。sp.
Background: Avian cryptosporidiosis is a common parasitic disease that is caused by five species, which are well characterised at the molecular and biological level, and more than 18 genotypes for which we have limited information. In this study, we determined the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp. in farmed ostriches in the Czech Republic.Methods: The occurrence and genetic identity of Cryptosporidium spp. were analysed by microscopy and PCR/sequencing of the small subunit rRNA, actin, HSP70 and gp60 genes. Cryptosporidium avian genotype II was examined from naturally and experimentally infected hosts and measured using differential interference contrast. The localisation of the life-cycle stages was studied by electron microscopy and histologically. Infectivity of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II for cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus (Kerr)), chickens (Gallus gallus f. domestica (L.)), geese (Anser anser f. domestica (L.)), SCID and BALB/c mice (Mus musculus L.) was verified.Results: A total of 204 individual faecal samples were examined for Cryptosporidium spp. using differential staining and PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rRNA, actin, HSP70 and gp60 gene sequences showed the presence of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II (n = 7) and C. ubiquitum Fayer, Santin & Macarisin, 2010 IXa (n = 5). Only ostriches infected with Cryptosporidium avian genotype II shed oocysts that were detectable by microscopy. Oocysts were purified from a pooled sample of four birds, characterised morphometrically and used in experimental infections to determine biological characteristics. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II measure on average 6.13 x 5.15 mu m, and are indistinguishable by size from C. baileyi Current, Upton & Haynes, 1986 and C. avium Holubova, Sak, Horcickova, Hlaskova, Kvetonova, Menchaca, McEvoy & Kvac, 2016. Cryptosporidium avian genotype II was experimentally infectious for geese, chickens and cockatiels, with a prepatent period of four, seven and eight days post-infection, respectively. The infection intensity ranged from 1000 to 16,000 oocysts per gram. None of the naturally or experimentally infected birds developed clinical signs in the present study.Conclusions: The molecular and biological characteristics of Cryptosporidium avian genotype II, described here, support the establishment of a new species, Cryptosporidium ornithophilus n. sp.