Mapping Social Vulnerability to Air Pollution in Philadelphia, PA
Mapping Social Vulnerability to Air Pollution in Philadelphia, PA
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发表时间：
2020-09
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通讯作者：
M. Conway;K. Shakya;P. Kremer
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作者：
M. Conway;K. Shakya;P. Kremer
人口增长、消费主义和工业化所带来的环境压力使世界上许多人口受到空气污染加剧的影响。费城是美国东北部一个历史悠久的工业城市，在全国有害空气污染物（PM2.5、臭氧）排名前25位。费城还经历了严重的财政分层和环境种族主义，这往往不公平地断言环境污染的痛苦和相关的健康影响对社会经济上处于不利地位的社区。本研究试图通过一系列人口普查衍生的属性，简明地量化哪些人群可能面临与空气污染（特别是哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病）相关的健康影响风险。使用ArcMap地理信息系统软件（ESRI），将属性分类为促进脆弱性或适应性，并将其与2019年夏季收集的空气污染数据相结合，形成费城人口普查员层面的非加权“社会脆弱性指数”（SVI）。SVI显示了几个在社会经济因素方面存在巨大差异的社区集群。SVI较高的人口普查区往往有较高的哮喘和COPD水平（反之亦然）。随着费城的独特性得到改善和认可，这种SVI可以用来为政策制定者提供城市规划的信息（例如，未来高速公路、工业中心等的位置），以减轻弱势社区的复合呼吸/肺部相关压力。未来的分析包括绿地覆盖、其他形式的空气污染和/或社会连通性的量化，可能有助于进一步了解宾夕法尼亚州费城的社会经济因素、空气污染和健康之间的交集。
Environmental stresses borne of population growth, consumerism and industrialization have subjected many populations worldwide to elevated air pollution. Philadelphia, a historically industrial city in Northeastern United States, is ranked in the top 25 cities in the country for harmful air pollutants (PM2.5, ozone). Philadelphia also experiences great financial stratification and environmental racism, which often unfairly asserts the pains of environmental pollution & associated health effects on socioeconomically disadvantaged communities. This study seeks to succinctly quantify which populations may be at risk for health effects associated with air pollution (specifically asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) through a suite of census-derived attributes. Using ArcMap Geographical Information System software (ESRI), attributes, categorized as promoting vulnerability or adaptability, are combined with air pollution data collected in summer 2019 to form a non-weighted ‘Social Vulnerability Index’ (SVI) at a census-tract level for Philadelphia. SVI demonstrated several clusters of neighborhoods with great disparities in socioeconomic factors. The census tracts with higher SVI tended to have higher levels of asthma and COPD (and vice versa). With improvements and acknowledgement of Philadelphia’s uniqueness, SVI of this kind may be used to inform policymakers on city planning (e.g. placement of future highways, industrial centers, etc.) to alleviate compounded respiratory/ pulmonary-related stresses on disadvantaged communities. Future analysis including green space coverage, other forms of air pollution, and/or a quantification of social connectivity may help to improve further understanding of the intersection between socioeconomic factors, air pollution, and health in Philadelphia, PA.