When the rules are reversed: Action-monitoring consequences of reversing stimulus-response mappings
When the rules are reversed: Action-monitoring consequences of reversing stimulus-response mappings
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DOI：
10.3758/s13415-012-0105-y
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发表时间：
2012-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Altmann, Erik M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schroder, Hans S.;Moran, Tim P.;Altmann, Erik M.
转换任务如何影响我们监控和调整行为的能力？许多独立的研究一方面考察了个人如何监控自己的行为并适应错误，另一方面考察了他们如何在两项或多项任务之间切换。然而，很少有研究探讨认知行为灵活性的这两个方面如何相互作用。也就是说，当任务规则被切换时，个体如何监控他们的行为仍然是未知的。本研究试图解决这个问题，通过检查反应切换的行动监测的后果，一种形式的任务切换，涉及切换与特定刺激相关的反应。我们记录了事件相关脑电位（ERP），而参与者进行了修改后的字母侧翼任务，其中刺激反应（S-R）映射块之间的逆转。具体来说，我们研究了三个ERP的N2，错误相关的负性（ERN）和错误的积极性（Pe），已密切相关的行动监测。结果显示，S-R逆转阻滞与动作监测脑活动的动态变化有关：N2和ERN增强，而Pe降低。此外，参与者不太可能在S-R逆转块中适应他们的恐怖后行为。两者合计，这些数据表明，响应切换的结果在早期增强的努力控制机制（N2和ERN）的代价，减少在以后的响应评估过程（Pe）。因此，当规则改变时，我们试图控制的同时，对自己行为的关注也会减少。
How does switching tasks affect our ability to monitor and adapt our behavior? Largely independent lines of research have examined how individuals monitor their actions and adjust to errors, on the one hand, and how they are able to switch between two or more tasks, on the other. Few studies, however, have explored how these two aspects of cognitive-behavioral flexibility interact. That is, how individuals monitor their actions when task rules are switched remains unknown. The present study sought to address this question by examining the action-monitoring consequences of response switching-a form of task switching that involves switching the response that is associated with a particular stimulus. We recorded event-related brain potentials (ERPs) while participants performed a modified letter flanker task in which the stimulus-response (S-R) mappings were reversed between blocks. Specifically, we examined three ERPs-the N2, the error-related negativity (ERN), and the error positivity (Pe)-that have been closely associated with action monitoring. The findings revealed that S-R reversal blocks were associated with dynamic alterations of action-monitoring brain activity: the N2 and ERN were enhanced, whereas the Pe was reduced. Moreover, participants were less likely to adapt their posterror behavior in S-R reversal blocks. Taken together, these data suggest that response switching results in early enhancements of effortful control mechanisms (N2 and ERN) at the expense of reductions in later response evaluation processes (Pe). Thus, when rules change, our attempts at control are accompanied by less attention to our actions.