Effects of long-term whole-body cold exposures on plasma concentrations of ACTH, beta-endorphin, cortisol, catecholamines and cytokines in healthy females
Effects of long-term whole-body cold exposures on plasma concentrations of ACTH, beta-endorphin, cortisol, catecholamines and cytokines in healthy females
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DOI：
10.1080/00365510701516350
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Mikkelsson, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leppaluoto, J.;Westerlund, T.;Mikkelsson, M.
Objective .冷疗用于缓解疼痛和炎症症状。本研究旨在确定长期定期暴露于急性寒冷温度的影响。研究了两种暴露方式：在冰水中冬泳和全身冷冻疗法。结果进行了调查的体液因素，可能会导致疼痛缓解相关的曝光。材料和方法。在12周的过程中，一组健康女性（n=10）暴露于冬泳（水0-2 ℃）20 s，另一组（n=10）暴露于全身冷冻（空气-110 ℃）2 min。在第1、2、4、8和12周，在没有冷暴露发生的一天（对照标本）和冷暴露的一天（冷标本），在暴露前（0分钟），以及此后的5和35分钟抽取血液标本。血浆促肾上腺皮质激素和皮质醇在第4-12周的时间点35分钟显着低于第1周，可能是由于习惯，这表明无论是冬泳，也不是全身冷冻刺激垂体肾上腺皮质轴。血浆肾上腺素在两次实验中均无变化，但去甲肾上腺素在两次冷暴露后12周内每次均显着增加2倍至3倍。血浆IL-1-β、IL-6和TNF α在冷暴露后未显示任何变化。结论.主要的发现是持续的冷诱导的去甲肾上腺素刺激，这是显着相似的曝光之间。去甲肾上腺素的频繁增加可能在全身冷冻疗法和冬泳中的疼痛缓解中起作用。
Objective . Cold therapy is used to relieve pain and inflammatory symptoms. The present study was designed to determine the influence of long-term regular exposure to acute cold temperature. Two types of exposure were studied: winter swimming in ice-cold water and whole-body cryotherapy. The outcome was investigated on humoral factors that may account for pain alleviation related to the exposures. Material and methods . During the course of 12 weeks, 3 times a week, a group of healthy females (n=10) was exposed to winter swimming (water 0-2 degrees C) for 20 s and another group (n=10) to whole-body cryotherapy (air -110 degrees C) for 2 min in a special chamber. Blood specimens were drawn in weeks 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12, on a day when no cold exposure occurred (control specimens) and on a day of cold exposures (cold specimens) before the exposures (0 min), and thereafter at 5 and 35 min. Results . Plasma ACTH and cortisol in weeks 4-12 on time-points 35 min were significantly lower than in week 1, probably due to habituation, suggesting that neither winter swimming nor whole-body cryotherapy stimulated the pituitary-adrenal cortex axis. Plasma epinephrine was unchanged during both experiments, but norepinephrine showed significant 2-fold to 3-fold increases each time for 12 weeks after both cold exposures. Plasma IL-1-beta, IL-6 or TNF alpha did not show any changes after cold exposure. Conclusions . The main finding was the sustained cold-induced stimulation of norepinephrine, which was remarkably similar between exposures. The frequent increase in norepinephrine might have a role in pain alleviation in whole-body cryotherapy and winter swimming.