Unintentional introductions of microscopic organisms associated with forest insects
Unintentional introductions of microscopic organisms associated with forest insects
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无意引入与森林昆虫相关的微生物
DOI：
10.1007/s10530-017-1507-0
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kanzaki N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Okabe K;Masuya H;Kanzaki N.
国际贸易和旅行通过有意和/或无意地引进外来生物，正在破坏许多国家的本地动植物群。通路控制似乎对螨虫、线虫和真菌等难以用肉眼看到的微生物特别有效。然而，关于这些生物的分类和生态信息很少，有时导致时间滞后或根除计划失败。几种螨类、线虫和真菌通常与昆虫共享栖息地，或将昆虫作为传播媒介（虫媒）。一些外来螨虫和线虫与外来昆虫同时引入，有时在木材材料中。在日本，螨虫、线虫和真菌都是从东南亚作为宠物引进的卢卡尼甲虫身上采集到的。虽然没有从卢卡尼甲虫身上收集到致命的线虫物种，但一种寄生在其原生宿主的鞘翅下空间的吸血螨可以很容易地转向日本甲虫（Dorcus rectus），杀死昆虫。据报道，在外来甲虫身上也发现了酵母菌，在与甲虫相关的螨虫身上也发现了laboulbeniomytes，尽管它们之间的相互作用尚不清楚。尽管缺乏与有意或无意引入的森林昆虫相关的其他螨虫、线虫和真菌的信息，但我们对国际自然保护联盟列出的昆虫物种的分析表明，无意引入的微生物是相当普遍的，因为存在共生关系，如寄生和寄生。
International trade and travel are devastating native flora and fauna in many countries through the intentional and/or unintentional introduction of exotic organisms. Pathway control appears to be particularly effective for microscopic organisms such as mites, nematodes, and fungi that are difficult to see with the naked eye. However, taxonomic and ecological information on such organisms is scarce, sometimes causing time lags or failure in eradication programs. Several groups of mites, nematodes, and fungi commonly share a habitat with insects or use them as dispersal agents (phoresy). Some exotic mites and nematodes are introduced simultaneously with exotic insects, sometimes in wood materials. In Japan, mites, nematodes, and fungi have been collected from lucanid beetles introduced as pets from Southeast Asia. While no lethal nematode species have been collected from lucanid beetles, one hemolymph-sucking mite species, inhabiting the sub-elytral space of its native host, is able to easily switch to the Japanese beetle,Dorcus rectus, killing the insect. Yeasts have also been reported on exotic beetles and laboulbeniomycetes have been found on mites associated with the beetles, although their interactions are unknown. Despite the lack of information available about other mites, nematodes, and fungi associated with intentionally and unintentionally introduced forest insects, our analysis of insect species listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature suggests that unintentional introductions of the microscopic organisms are quite common as a consequence of the existence of symbiotic relationships such as phoresy and parasitism.