CONTROL OF ECHOLOCATION PULSES BY NEURONS OF THE NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS IN THE RUFOUS HORSESHOE BAT, RHINOLOPHUS-ROUXI .1. SINGLE UNIT RECORDINGS IN THE VENTRAL MOTOR NUCLEUS OF THE LARYNGEAL NERVES IN SPONTANEOUSLY VOCALIZING BATS
CONTROL OF ECHOLOCATION PULSES BY NEURONS OF THE NUCLEUS AMBIGUUS IN THE RUFOUS HORSESHOE BAT, RHINOLOPHUS-ROUXI .1. SINGLE UNIT RECORDINGS IN THE VENTRAL MOTOR NUCLEUS OF THE LARYNGEAL NERVES IN SPONTANEOUSLY VOCALIZING BATS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00612040
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发表时间：
1986-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BETZ, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
RUBSAMEN, R;BETZ, M
1.用CF-FM-蝙蝠Rhinolophus rouxi的传出运动核（疑核）的单单位记录研究了喉的发声运动控制，自发发出回声定位声。实验是在立体定位仪中进行的，该装置允许根据电极位置区分记录的核团中的活动（图1）。2.回声定位呼叫和呼吸活动被同时监测，因此可以比较呼吸期间伴随和不伴随发声的运动控制活动的时间过程。根据单位放电与回声定位呼叫时程（开始和结束）的相关性及其放电频率，将其分类为喉运动神经元活动：前断强直、前断相位、断暂停、断强直、断斩波、上强直、前强直和抑制（图4）。3.用多普勒超声技术研究了在回声定位声系统频移条件下，环杓外侧肌的运动神经元的活动，其中，on-chopper和on-tonic放电模式是环杓外侧肌的运动活动，off-pauser和off-tonic放电模式是环杓后肌的运动活动，控制声脉冲的时程。对电子模拟回声作出反应的偏移补偿蝙蝠。在所有被归类为运动控制的神经元中，只有前断紧张性放电类型的单位（环甲肌）改变了他们的活动与频率的变化，在发声脉冲;它们与发出的声音频率呈线性正相关（图6）. 4.此外，记录了与发声严格同步的单个单位活动，由于其低放电率，不能作为运动控制，并被认为代表了中间神经元或连接疑核与其他发声和呼吸中心的核间神经元的活动（图3c）。5.脑干中的电损伤和离子电渗应用的辣根过氧化物酶（HRP）用作细胞染色脑切片中记录位点的定位和形态学鉴定的参考。
1.The vocal motor control of the larynx was studied with single unit recordings from the efferent motor nucleus (nucleus ambiguus) in the CF-FM-batRhinolophus rouxi, spontaneously emitting echolocation sounds. The experiments were performed in a stereotaxic apparatus that allowed differentiation of activities in the recorded nucleus depending on the electrode position (Fig. 1).2.Echolocation calls and respiration activity were monitored simultaneously, thus it was possible to compare the time course of the motor control activity during respiration with and without concurrent vocalization. Unit discharges were classified as laryngeal motoneuron activity according to their correlation with the time course (onset and end) of echolocation calls and their discharge rate as: Pre-off-tonic, pre-off-phasic, off-pauser, offtonic, on-chopper, on-tonic, prior-tonic and inhibitory (Fig. 4). The on-chopper and on-tonic discharge patterns were assigned to the motor activity of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and the off-pauser and off-tonic discharge patterns to the motor activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle controlling the time course of vocal pulses.3.Motoneuron activities recorded under the condition of systematically shifted frequencies in the emitted echolocation calls were investigated in Doppler-shift compensating bats responding to electronically simulated echoes. Of all neurons classified as motor control, only units of the pre-off-tonic discharge type (cricothyroid muscle) changed their activity with frequency shifts in the vocalized pulses; they showed a positive linear correlation with the emitted sound frequency (Fig. 6).4.In addition, single unit activities in strict synchronization to vocalization were recorded, that by their low discharge rate were not valid as motor control, and were considered to represent activities of interneurons or internuclear neurons connecting the nucleus ambiguus with other vocalization- and respiration-centers (Fig. 3c).5.Electric lesions in the brain stem and iontophoretically applied horseradish peroxidase (HRP) served as references for localization and morphological identification of the recording sites in cell stained brain slices.