Effect of biochar amendment on soil physical, chemical and biological properties and groundnut yield in rainfed Alfisol of semi-arid tropics
Effect of biochar amendment on soil physical, chemical and biological properties and groundnut yield in rainfed Alfisol of semi-arid tropics
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DOI：
10.1080/03650340.2016.1139086
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Chitraputhirapillai, Swaminathan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pandian, Kannan;Subramaniayan, Ponmani;Chitraputhirapillai, Swaminathan
本研究旨在评价生物炭和有机土壤改良剂对雨养酸性红壤花生土壤理化和微生物负荷、固碳潜力、养分吸收和产量的影响。以红克、棉花、玉米秸秆和豆科植物木为原料，采用中试慢热解生物炭装置制备生物炭。上述来源的生物炭用量分别为2.5和5份（-1），富肥农家肥0.75份（-1），堆肥后的玉米秆用量为10份（-1），丛枝菌根用量为100kgha(-1)，配以所需的氮、磷、钾肥作为基肥。以5tha（-1）的速率进行生物炭改良，使土壤容重从1.41 gcm（-3）降低到1.36gcm(-3)，土壤水分增加2.5%。在土壤化学变化方面，使土壤pH由5.7提高到6.3；阳离子交换容量增加1.4cmol(+)kg(-1)，碳积累增加4.4tha（-1）。生物炭与对照在细菌、真菌和放线菌数量上存在显著差异。生物炭处理和秸秆堆肥处理对氮、磷、钾的利用效果较好，比对照提高了21、5和20kgha（-1）。试验结果表明，在酸性红壤上施用生物炭有利于形成良好的土壤物理、化学和生物环境，这些积极的变化影响了土壤的生长和产量属性，豆荚产量比对照提高了29%。
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of biochar and organic soil amendments on soil physicochemical and microbial load, carbon sequestration potential, nutrient uptake and yield of groundnut in acidic red soil under rainfed condition. Biochar was prepared from red gram, cotton, maize stalk and mesquite wood using pilot scale slow pyrolysis biochar unit. The above sources of biochar at the rate of 2.5 and 5tha(-1) and enriched farmyard manure 0.75tha(-1), composted coir pith 10tha(-1) and arbuscular mycorrhizae 100kgha(-1) were applied as basal with required nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium fertilizer. Biochar amendment at the rate of 5tha(-1) reduced the bulk density from 1.41 to 1.36gcm(-3) and increased the soil moisture 2.5%. With respect to soil chemical changes, it raised soil pH from 5.7 to 6.3; increased the cation exchange capacity 1.4cmol(+)kg(-1) and enhanced the carbon buildup 4.4tha(-1). The significant differences in bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population were observed between biochar and control. The nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were better utilized under biochar and composted coir pith, which was 21, 5 and 20kgha(-1) higher than control. The experimental results suggested that application of biochar to acidic red soil favoured good soil physical, chemical and biological environment, and these positive changes influenced growth and yield attributes and enhanced pod yield 29% over control.