Integration and visualization of the ecological value of rural landscapes in maintaining the physical environment of Japan
Integration and visualization of the ecological value of rural landscapes in maintaining the physical environment of Japan
复制标题
乡村景观生态价值在维护日本自然环境中的整合和可视化
DOI：
10.1016/s0169-2046(97)00026-1
复制
发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Robert D. Brown
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Katô;M. Yokohari;Robert D. Brown
进行了一项研究，以绘制和评估农村景观在维护日本自然环境方面的作用。日本80%以上的土地用于农业和林业，虽然它们的经济价值众所周知，但它们在防止山体滑坡和土壤侵蚀以及提高土壤保水能力和净化空气方面具有额外的价值。这些角色，或“功能”，通过使用地理信息系统和以前验证的土地评价模型进行了调查。该研究通过绘制积极管理的森林和农场的土地与森林和农场被遗弃的土地之间的得分差异来定义农村土地使用的“生态价值”。这些结果是在全国范围内以流域为基础加以说明的，并提供了省间和省内的比较。绘制了一幅国家地图，利用景观结构要素，根据潜在的土地使用变化模拟生态功能。这些要素（结构、功能和变化）是景观生态学的核心，这张地图为实现景观可持续性迈出了一步。这张地图将帮助规划者了解流域内土地利用的各种生态作用的相对重要性，并将澄清可以和不可以进行的土地利用变化。由于日本的农村土地利用正受到政治和经济的威胁，森林和农场对自然环境的有益影响的量化是在一个关键时刻到来的。这项研究的结果将在日本的景观规划相当有益的，但也将提供一个原型，调查开放空间的影响在其他地方，特别是在其他亚洲国家的季风，水稻生产和极端的物理环境的特点与日本共享。
A study was undertaken to map and evaluate the role of rural landscapes in maintaining the physical environment of Japan. Over 80% of the land area of Japan is used for agriculture and forestry, and while their economic value is well known, they have additional value in preventing landslides and soil erosion as well as in increasing the water retention capability of soils and purifying air. These roles, or ‘functions,’ were investigated through the use of a geographic information system and previously-validated land evaluation models. The study defined the ‘ecological value’ of rural land uses by mapping the differences between scores that land would receive with actively managed woods and farms and those same lands if the woods and farms had been abandoned. The results were illustrated at a national scale, on a watershed basis, and provided both inter- and intra-prefecture comparisons. A national map was developed that utilized elements of landscape structure to model ecological functions based on potential land use change. These elements (structure, function, and change) are central to landscape ecology, and this map has provided a step toward achieving landscape sustainability. This map will assist planners in understanding the relative importance of the various ecological roles of land uses in the watershed and will clarify what land use changes can and cannot be made. This quantification of the beneficial effects of woods and farms on the physical environment has come at a critical time, as rural land uses in Japan are being threatened by politics and economics. The results of this study will be of considerable benefit in landscape planning in Japan, but will also provide a prototype for the investigation of effects of open spaces elsewhere, especially in other Asian nations that share with Japan the characteristics of monsoons, rice production, and extreme physical environments.