Biofabrication strategies for engineering heterogeneous artificial tissues
Biofabrication strategies for engineering heterogeneous artificial tissues
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DOI：
10.1016/j.addma.2020.101459
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Kim, Keekyoung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ambhorkar, Pranav;Rakin, Rafaeal Hossain;Kim, Keekyoung
移植用供体器官和疾病研究用精确组织模型的持续短缺导致了对人工组织和器官的高需求。生物织物领域通过应用细胞、生物材料和工程方法的组合来引导努力构建3D组织支架。虽然研究人员过去已经成功地制造了各种组织样结构，但这些模型通常只包含单一细胞类型，并且过于简化。相比之下，人体中的天然组织由各种各样的细胞组成，这些细胞执行不同的功能，并被安置在复杂的细胞特异性微环境中。因此，采用生物织物技术来系统地模拟天然组织的复杂性和异质性是一个巨大的挑战。这篇综述介绍了新的先进的生物制造技术，被归类为自上而下或自下而上的过程，并报告了全面的战略，在体外产生人工异质组织。与纳米纤维在实践中类似，在生物纤维中，自上而下的策略寻求首先通过多喷嘴挤出和混合生物打印等技术开发3D多孔支架，然后接种细胞用于组织生长。相反，自下而上的策略涉及不同构建块单元的组装，包括：液滴，微管和细胞片，通过模塑，编织，隧穿，堆叠和滚动成复杂的3D组织结构。该评论概述了这些方法的优点和缺点，并为读者提供了一个深入的招股说明书和概述在这个快速发展的领域的未来机会。
The persistent shortage of donor-organs for transplantation and accurate tissue models for disease study has resulted in a high demand for artificial tissues and organs. The field of biofabrication steers efforts into building 3D-tissue scaffolds by applying a combination of cells, biomaterials and engineering methods. Although researchers have successfully fabricated various tissue-like constructs in the past, these models often only comprise of a single cell type and are vastly oversimplified. In comparison, native tissues in the human body consist of a wide variety of cells that perform diverse functions and are housed in complex cell-specific microenvironments. Therefore, employing biofabrication techniques for systematically mimicking the complexity and heterogeneity of native tissues is a substantial challenge. This review introduces novel advanced biofabrication techniques that are classified as either top-down or bottom-up processes and reports comprehensive strategies for generating artificial heterogeneous tissues in vitro. Analogous to nanofabrication in practice, in biofabrication, top-down strategies seek to first develop 3D porous scaffolds via techniques such as multi-nozzle extrusion and hybrid bioprinting, followed by the seeding of cells for tissue growth. Conversely, bottom-up strategies involve the assembly of different building block units that include; droplets, microtubes and cell sheets, via molding, weaving, tunneling, stacking and rolling into complex 3D tissue structures. The review outlines the strengths and shortcomings of each of these approaches and provides the reader with an in-depth prospectus and overview of future opportunities in this rapidly progressing field.