Validity of rating scale measures of voice quality.
Validity of rating scale measures of voice quality.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1121/1.424372
复制
发表时间：
1998-10
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Kreiman;B. Gerratt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Kreiman;B. Gerratt
在嗓音研究中，嗓音质量的感知测量的有效性一直被忽视，通常更关注评分员的信度。有效性部分取决于可靠性，因为一个不可靠的测试并不能测量它想要测量的东西。然而，传统的评级可靠性的措施，只有部分代表评分员之间的协议，因为他们不能反映特定的声音样本的协议的变化或模式。在本文中的可能性，两个评分员将同意在他们的评级的一个单一的声音进行检查，为每个声音在五个以前收集的数据集。结果并不支持传统评级程序可以产生有用的听众感知指数的持续假设。听众同意非常差，在中等范围的规模的呼吸和粗糙度，平均评级在中等范围的规模并不代表在何种程度上，一个声音拥有的质量，但只能表明，听众不同意。像综合分析或相似性判断这样的技术避免了将质量分解为组成维度，并且不需要听众将外部刺激与不稳定的内部表征进行比较，从而减少了质量测量的误差。对感知中的个体差异进行建模可以增加质量模型中考虑的方差，进一步减少感知测量中的误差。因此，这种技术可以为当前的方法提供有效的替代方案。
The validity of perceptual measures of vocal quality has been neglected in studies of voice, which focus more commonly on rater reliability. Validity depends in part on reliability, because an unreliable test does not measure what it is intended to measure. However, traditional measures of rating reliability only partially represent interrater agreement, because they cannot reflect variations or patterns of agreement for specific voice samples. In this paper the likelihood that two raters would agree in their ratings of a single voice is examined, for each voice in five previously gathered data sets. Results do not support the continued assumption that traditional rating procedures produce useful indices of listeners' perceptions. Listeners agreed very poorly in the midrange of scales for breathiness and roughness, and mean ratings in the midrange of such scales did not represent the extent to which a voice possesses a quality, but served only to indicate that listeners disagreed. Techniques like analysis by synthesis or judgment of similarity avoid decomposing quality into constituent dimensions, and do not require a listener to compare an external stimulus to an unstable internal representation, thus decreasing the error in measures of quality. Modeling individual differences in perception can increase the variance accounted for in models of quality, further reducing the error in perceptual measures. Thus such techniques may provide valid alternatives to current approaches.