Home range and ranging behaviour of Bornean elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis) females.
Home range and ranging behaviour of Bornean elephant (Elephas maximus borneensis) females.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0031400
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Goossens B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alfred R;Ahmad AH;Payne J;Williams C;Ambu LN;How PM;Goossens B
活动范围被定义为野生动物在其自然栖息地每年覆盖的面积和位置。对非洲象和印度象在大部分开放栖息地的研究表明，栖息地的大小不仅取决于食物供应和季节变化，还取决于许多其他因素，包括水源的可用性、栖息地的丧失和人造屏障的存在。婆罗洲象的活动范围以前从未被调查过。2005年，沙巴州启动了第一个调查野生婆罗洲象活动的卫星跟踪项目。五头成年母象被固定住，颈圈上装有跟踪装置。利用卫星跟踪系统收集的位置数据确定它们的活动范围大小和运动模式，并使用最小凸多边形和调和平均方法进行分析。据估计，非破碎森林的栖息地面积为250至400平方公里，破碎森林的栖息地面积为600平方公里。自然生境的大小和永久水源的可得性对它们的测距行为有影响。移动模式受人为干扰和从一个摄食点移动到另一个摄食点的需要的影响。生境破碎化程度对栖地活动范围和移动速度有影响。一旦栖息地被清除或改变，食物植物和水源的可用性就会减少，迫使大象前往邻近的森林地区。因此，破碎林的移动速率高于非破碎林。最后，在碎片化的栖息地，人类和大象之间的冲突可能会更高，因为大象活动的增加使大象与人类的接触更频繁。
Home range is defined as the extent and location of the area covered annually by a wild animal in its natural habitat. Studies of African and Indian elephants in landscapes of largely open habitats have indicated that the sizes of the home range are determined not only by the food supplies and seasonal changes, but also by numerous other factors including availability of water sources, habitat loss and the existence of man-made barriers. The home range size for the Bornean elephant had never been investigated before. The first satellite tracking program to investigate the movement of wild Bornean elephants in Sabah was initiated in 2005. Five adult female elephants were immobilized and neck collars were fitted with tracking devices. The sizes of their home range and movement patterns were determined using location data gathered from a satellite tracking system and analyzed by using the Minimum Convex Polygon and Harmonic Mean methods. Home range size was estimated to be 250 to 400 km2 in a non-fragmented forest and 600 km2 in a fragmented forest. The ranging behavior was influenced by the size of the natural forest habitat and the availability of permanent water sources. The movement pattern was influenced by human disturbance and the need to move from one feeding site to another. Home range and movement rate were influenced by the degree of habitat fragmentation. Once habitat was cleared or converted, the availability of food plants and water sources were reduced, forcing the elephants to travel to adjacent forest areas. Therefore movement rate in fragmented forest was higher than in the non-fragmented forest. Finally, in fragmented habitat human and elephant conflict occurrences were likely to be higher, due to increased movement bringing elephants into contact more often with humans.
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影响因子：
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