Immune gene regulation in the gut during metamorphosis in a holo- versus a hemimetabolous insect
Immune gene regulation in the gut during metamorphosis in a holo- versus a hemimetabolous insect
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2019.0073
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发表时间：
2019-10-14
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Rolff, Jens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Johnston, Paul R.;Paris, Veronique;Rolff, Jens
在变态过程中，全变态昆虫完全取代幼虫的肠道，必须控制微生物群以避免败血症。在化蛹开始时在昆虫肠道中快速诱导杀菌活性已经在全变态纲的许多目中描述，并且在鳞翅目中研究得最好，其中其处于20-羟基蜕皮酮（20 E）蜕皮途径的控制下。在这里，使用RNAseq，我们比较了免疫效应基因的表达在肠道变态全变态（大蜡螟）和半变态昆虫（蟋蟀bimaculatus）。我们发现，在G。在大蜡螟幼虫消化道中，多种免疫效应子和转录因子GmEts的表达上调，三种抗菌肽（AMP）和一种溶菌酶的峰值表达与幼虫消化道分层一致。相比之下，没有这样的上调是在半代谢Gr. himaculatus检测。这些发现支持了这样一种观点，即在完全变态开始时免疫效应物的上调是一种适应性反应，它控制着肠道替换过程中的微生物群。本文是主题问题“完全变态的进化”的一部分。
During metamorphosis, holometabolous insects completely replace the larval gut and must control the microbiota to avoid septicaemia. Rapid induction of bactericidal activity in the insect gut at the onset of pupation has been described in numerous orders of the Holometabola and is best-studied in the Lepidoptera where it is under control of the 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) moulting pathway. Here, using RNAseq, we compare the expression of immune effector genes in the gut during metamorphosis in a holometabolous (Galleria mellonella) and a hemimetabolous insect (Gryllus bimaculatus). We find that in G. mellonella, the expression of numerous immune effectors and the transcription factor GmEts are upregulated, with peak expression of three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and a lysozyme coinciding with delamination of the larval gut. By contrast, no such upregulation was detectable in the hemimetabolous Gr. himaculatus. These findings support the idea that the upregulation of immune effectors at the onset of complete metamorphosis is an adaptive response, which controls the microbiota during gut replacement.This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of complete metamorphosis'.