The transition from childhood to adolescence is marked by a general decrease in amygdala reactivity and an affect-specific ventral-to-dorsal shift in medial prefrontal recruitment.
The transition from childhood to adolescence is marked by a general decrease in amygdala reactivity and an affect-specific ventral-to-dorsal shift in medial prefrontal recruitment.
复制标题
从童年到青春期的转变的特点是杏仁核反应性普遍下降，以及内侧前额叶募集的特定影响的腹侧到背侧的转变。
DOI：
10.1016/j.dcn.2016.06.005
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Ochsner,KevinN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Silvers,JenniferA;Insel,Catherine;Powers,Alisa;Franz,Peter;Helion,Chelsea;Martin,Rebecca;Weber,Jochen;Mischel,Walter;Casey,BJ;Ochsner,KevinN
理解情感反应如何以及为什么随年龄变化是描述典型和非典型情感发展的核心。先前的研究强调了杏仁核和前额叶皮层（PFC）的作用，它们在功能和连接方面显示出与年龄相关的变化。然而，发育神经成像研究直到最近才开始揭示年龄对杏仁核和PFC的影响是特定于情感刺激，还是也可能对中性刺激产生影响，这一可能性将支持杏仁核-PFC发育的一般解释，而不是特定于情感的解释。为了验证这一点，112名年龄在6岁到23岁之间的人在接受功能磁共振成像扫描时观看了厌恶和中性的图像。随着年龄的增长，参与者报告了更多的负面影响，并且对厌恶刺激的杏仁核反应比中性刺激更大。然而，根据情感报告和杏仁核反应，儿童通常对中性和厌恶刺激都更敏感。与此同时，从童年到青春期的过渡标志是前额叶内侧对厌恶刺激的反应从腹侧到背侧的转变，而不是中性刺激。考虑到dmPFC在执行控制和更高层次的情绪表征中所起的作用，这些结果表明青春期的特点是越来越多地以认知方式表达情绪事件。
Understanding how and why affective responses change with age is central to characterizing typical and atypical emotional development. Prior work has emphasized the role of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex (PFC), which show age-related changes in function and connectivity. However, developmental neuroimaging research has only recently begun to unpack whether age effects in the amygdala and PFC are specific to affective stimuli or may be found for neutral stimuli as well, a possibility that would support a general, rather than affect-specific, account of amygdala-PFC development. To examine this, 112 individuals ranging from 6 to 23 years of age viewed aversive and neutral images while undergoing fMRI scanning. Across age, participants reported more negative affect and showed greater amygdala responses for aversive than neutral stimuli. However, children were generally more sensitive to both neutral and aversive stimuli, as indexed by affective reports and amygdala responses. At the same time, the transition from childhood to adolescence was marked by a ventral-to-dorsal shift in medial prefrontal responses to aversive, but not neutral, stimuli. Given the role that dmPFC plays in executive control and higher-level representations of emotion, these results suggest that adolescence is characterized by a shift towards representing emotional events in increasingly cognitive terms.