Probing the invariant structure of spatial knowledge: Support for the cognitive graph hypothesis
Probing the invariant structure of spatial knowledge: Support for the cognitive graph hypothesis
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104276
复制
发表时间：
2020-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Warren, William H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ericson, Jonathan D.;Warren, William H.
我们测试了四个关于用于导航的空间知识结构的假设：（1）欧几里得假设，一个几何一致的地图;（2）邻居假设，空间区域之间的相邻关系，基于可见的边界;（3）认知图假设，一个地方之间的路径网络，标记近似的局部距离和角度;（4）恒常性假设，即几何性质在学习过程中是不变的。在两个实验中，不同组的参与者学习了三个虚拟的树篱迷宫，这些迷宫具有不同的特定几何特性（欧几里得控制迷宫，弹性迷宫与拉伸路径，交换迷宫与交替路径到同一个地方）。空间知识进行了测试，使用三个导航任务（度量快捷方式在空的地面平面，邻里快捷方式与可见的边界，在走廊的路线任务）。他们得出了以下结果：（a）度量捷径对目标位置的可检测变化不敏感，与欧几里得假设不一致。(b)在弹性迷宫中，邻近捷径受到可见边界的约束，而在交换迷宫中则没有，这与邻近和恒定假设相反。(c)路线任务表明，在所有环境中获得的迷宫的图形，包括当地的路径长度的知识。我们的结论是，初级空间知识是与认知图假设。邻域是从图中导出的，并且局部距离和角度信息不嵌入在几何一致的地图中。
We tested four hypotheses about the structure of spatial knowledge used for navigation: (1) the Euclidean hypothesis, a geometrically consistent map; (2) the Neighborhood hypothesis, adjacency relations between spatial regions, based on visible boundaries; (3) the Cognitive Graph hypothesis, a network of paths between places, labeled with approximate local distances and angles; and (4) the Constancy hypothesis, whatever geometric properties are invariant during learning. In two experiments, different groups of participants learned three virtual hedge mazes, which varied specific geometric properties (Euclidean Control Maze, Elastic Maze with stretching paths, Swap Maze with alternating paths to the same place). Spatial knowledge was then tested using three navigation tasks (metric shortcuts on empty ground plane, neighborhood shortcuts with visible boundaries, route task in corridors). They yielded the following results: (a) Metric shortcuts were insensitive to detectable shifts in target location, inconsistent with the Euclidean hypothesis. (b) Neighborhood shortcuts were constrained by visible boundaries in the Elastic Maze, but not in the Swap Maze, contrary to the Neighborhood and Constancy hypotheses. (c) The route task indicated that a graph of the maze was acquired in all environments, including knowledge of local path lengths. We conclude that primary spatial knowledge is consistent with the Cognitive Graph hypothesis. Neighborhoods are derived from the graph, and local distance and angle information is not embedded in a geometrically consistent map.