Prospective Memory Predictions in Aging: Increased Overconfidence in Older Adults
Prospective Memory Predictions in Aging: Increased Overconfidence in Older Adults
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DOI：
10.1080/0361073x.2019.1664471
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发表时间：
2019-09-15
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Schnitzspahn, Katharina M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cauvin, Stephanie;Moulin, Christopher J. A.;Schnitzspahn, Katharina M.
本研究调查了年轻人和老年人是否能够预测他们在基于事件的前瞻性记忆（PM）任务中的未来表现。方法：通过要求参与者在项目层面上对前瞻性（记住必须做的事情）和回顾性（记住要做什么）PM组件进行学习判断（JOLs）来评估元认知意识。此外，为了探索可能的年龄差异在适应任务难度的预测能力，编码时间和前瞻性和回顾性PM组件之间的相关性是不同的。结果：结果显示，两个年龄组对我们的任务操作都很敏感，并适当地适应了他们的预测。此外，项目水平的joll表明，对于回顾部分，年轻人和老年人同样准确，并略有过度自信。对于前瞻性部分，年轻人的预测相当准确，而老年人则过于自信。因此，结果表明，普遍的过度自信在老年人中增加，并涉及PM的两个组成部分。讨论：关于PM任务的前瞻性和回顾性组件之间概念差异的发现，以及PM中衰老和元记忆之间的联系进行了讨论。
Introduction: This study investigated whether young and older adults can predict their future performance on an event-based prospective memory (PM) task. Methods: Metacognitive awareness was assessed by asking participants to give judgments-of-learning (JOLs) on an item-level for the prospective (remembering that something has to be done) and retrospective (remembering what to do) PM component. In addition, to explore possible age differences in the ability to adapt predictions to the difficulty of the task, encoding time and the relatedness between the prospective and the retrospective PM component were varied. Results: Results revealed that both age groups were sensitive to our task manipulations and adapted their predictions appropriately. Moreover, item-level JOLs indicated that for the retrospective component, young and older adults were equally accurate and slightly overconfident. For the prospective component, predictions were fairly accurate in young adults, while older adults were overconfident. Thus, results suggest that general overconfidence is increased in older adults and concerns both components of PM. Discussion: Findings regarding the conceptual differences between the prospective and retrospective components of a PM task, as well as the link between aging and metamemory in PM are discussed.