Building Human Resilience The Role of Public Health Preparedness and Response As an Adaptation to Climate Change
Building Human Resilience The Role of Public Health Preparedness and Response As an Adaptation to Climate Change
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2008.08.022
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发表时间：
2008-11-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Keim, Mark E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keim, Mark E.
全球气候变化将增加极端天气事件的可能性，包括热浪、干旱、野火、龙卷风和可能导致洪水和山体滑坡的强降水。这类事件造成重大的公共卫生需求，可能超出当地的应对能力，导致发病率或死亡率过高，并导致宣布发生灾害。人类对任何灾难的脆弱性是一个复杂的现象，涉及社会、经济、卫生和文化层面。对自然灾害的脆弱性有两个方面：暴露在危险危险中的程度(易感性)和应对灾害后果或从灾害后果中恢复的能力(复原力)。减少漏洞的计划降低了易感性，提高了复原力。预防和减轻突发事件在很大程度上降低了灾害的易感性。应急准备和反应以及恢复活动--包括应对气候变化的活动--提高了灾害复原力。由于适应必须在社区一级进行，地方公共卫生机构在培养人类对与气候有关的灾害的适应能力方面处于独特的地位。本文结合应急准备和反应的一些实例，讨论了公共卫生在减少人类对气候变化的脆弱性方面的作用。
Global climate change will increase the probability of extreme weather events, including heatwaves, drought, wildfire, cyclones, and heavy precipitation that could cause floods and landslides. Such events create significant public health needs that can exceed local capacity to respond, resulting in excess morbidity or mortality and in the declaration of disasters. Human vulnerability to any disaster is a complex phenomenon with social, economic, health, and cultural dimensions. Vulnerability to natural disasters has two sides: the degree of exposure to dangerous hazards (susceptibility) and the capacity to cope with or recover from disaster consequences (resilience). Vulnerability reduction programs reduce susceptibility and increase resilience. Susceptibility to disasters is reduced largely by prevention and mitigation of emergencies. Emergency preparedness and response and recovery activities-including those that address climate change-increase disaster resilience. Because adaptation must occur at the community level, local public health agencies are uniquely placed to build human resilience to climate-related disasters. This article discusses the role of public health in reducing human vulnerability to climate change within the context of select examples for emergency preparedness and response.