River water shortage in a highland-lowland system - A case study of the impacts of water abstraction in the Mount Kenya region
River water shortage in a highland-lowland system - A case study of the impacts of water abstraction in the Mount Kenya region
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DOI：
10.1659/0276-4741(2005)025
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发表时间：
2005-05-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Weingartner, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aeschbacher, J;Liniger, H;Weingartner, R
在过去十年中，肯尼亚山西部和北部山坡，特别是毗邻的低地地区的缺水问题达到了前所未有的严重程度。人口的快速增长和灌溉需求的增加增加了水资源的压力，纳罗莫鲁河的取水清单就证明了这一点。在仅30公里的河段内，总共记录了98个抽水点，为大约3万人提供了水。然而，约97%的抽水用于灌溉，占总集水面积的9%。2002年，那罗森河年流量的30%和枯水流量的80%至100%被沟渠、重力管道和水泵抽走。埃瓦索-恩吉罗盆地上游的高地-低地系统，肯尼亚山是一座重要的水塔，在过去十年中已经达到并一再超过可用水的极限。与枯水流量大幅度减少相比，平均流量没有表现出任何减少的趋势。这是由于洪水流量增加，这可能是由于土地利用变化加速了径流产生。本研究试图支持水。通过向用户协会提供有关河流水的需求、供应和使用的最新信息，以及改进水管理的工具和方法，向用户协会(WUA，即旨在缓解水分配冲突的自助倡议)。
In the past decade, water shortage on the western and northern slopes of Mount Kenya and particularly in the adjoining lowland areas has reached a severity not experienced before. Rapid population growth and rising demand for irrigation are increasing the pressure on water resources, as can be demonstrated by an inventory of water abstractions from the Naro Moru River. A total of 98 abstraction points were documented within a river section of only 30 km, providing water to about 30,000 people. However, about 97% of the abstracted water is used for irrigation of 9% of the total catchment area. In 2002, about 30% of the annual discharge and 80 to 100% of the low flow discharge of the Naro Moru River was abstracted by furrows, gravity pipes, and pumps. The highland-lowland system of the Upper Ewaso Ng'iro Basin, with Mount Kenya functioning as a crucial water tower, has reached and repeatedly exceeded the limits of water availability in the past decade. In contrast to the heavily decreasing low flow discharge, the mean discharge does not show any decreasing tendency. This is due to higher flood flows, which may be induced by accelerated runoff generation due to land use change. The present study seeks to support Water. Users' Associations (WUAs, ie self-help initiatives aiming to mitigate conflicts over the allocation of water) by providing them with up-to-date information about demand, supply and use of river water, as well as tools and methods for improving water management.