The effects of aging and degree of association on the semantic priming of lexical decisions.
The effects of aging and degree of association on the semantic priming of lexical decisions.
复制标题
老化和关联程度对词汇决策语义启动的影响。
DOI：
10.1080/03610738308258443
复制
发表时间：
1983
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Howard,DV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Howard,DV
成年人完成了一项词汇判断任务，在这项任务中，他们在每次测试中看到两个字母串，并被要求只有在两个字母串都是单词的情况下才回答“是”。随后，受试者被测试对词汇决定任务中出现的单词进行附带自由回忆和附带强迫选择再认。实验一给20名青年(平均年龄=31.1岁)和20名老年(平均年龄=69.5岁)的非学生成年人，而实验二给20名年轻的大学生。在两个实验中，都出现了语义启动，即当两个词相关时，词汇的判断速度比不相关时更快。对于实验2中的大学生，而不是实验1中的非学生，这种影响对于高显性配对(例如，鸟-知更鸟)比对于低显性配对(例如，鸟-鸭)更大。实验一显示，启动的启动没有年龄差异，但在自由回忆和再认方面，显著的年龄差异有利于年轻人。根据区分语义记忆的自动激活和费力激活的理论来解释结果。
Adults completed a lexical decision task in which they saw two strings of letters on each trial and were asked to respond “yes” only if both strings were words. Later, participants were tested for incidental free recall and incidental forced-choice recognition of the words presented in the lexical decision task. These tasks were given to 20 young (mean age = 31.1 years) and 20 old (mean age = 69.5 years) non-student adults in Experiment 1, and to 20 young college students in Experiment 2. In both experiments, semantic priming occurred, i.e., lexical decisions were faster when the words within a pair were related than when they were not. For the college students in Experiment 2, but not for the non-students in Experiment 1, this effect was greater for high-dominance pairs (e.g., BIRD-ROBIN) than for low (e.g., BIRD-DUCK). Experiment 1 revealed no age differences in priming, but significant age differences favoring the young in both free recall and recognition. The results are interpreted in light of theories that distinquish between automatic and effortful activation of semantic memory.