Alguito para ganar(a little something to earn): profits and losses in peasant economies
Alguito para ganar(a little something to earn): profits and losses in peasant economies
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Alguito para ganar（赚点小钱）：农民经济的利润和损失
DOI：
10.1525/ae.1999.26.2.344
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
M. Glave
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Enrique Mayer;M. Glave
我们探讨了在新自由主义的当代背景下，秘鲁高地的小农将日常利润概念概念化的各种方式。通过一个近似的过程，我们使用对秘鲁两个可比较山谷的马铃薯田的调查结果来澄清用于确定利润或损失的严格商业会计程序与农民用于评估经济作物盈利能力的程序之间的差异。我们建议农民根据简单的现金流出和现金流入来评估经济作物的利润或损失。我们指出，这种计算带有一种隐性补贴，允许市场参与，但在现行生产率条件和价格水平下提供很少或根本没有长期利益。我们还研究了农民如何通过显示他们忽略了生产这些作物所必需的重要现金支出来评估其自给作物的状况。最后，我们描述了安第斯农民特有的会计程序，以了解他们如何监测以家庭为基础的农场的资源流动。对数据的分析使我们质疑农民经济的“生存优先”模式，并假设生存和商业部门之间存在相互依存的关系，其中货币在市场和家庭之间循环时发挥着重要但反常的作用。
We explore various ways in which small-scale peasants in the highlands of Peru conceptualize the everyday concept of profit in the contemporary context of neoliberalism. Through a process of approximations, we use the results of a survey of potato fields in two comparable valleys in Peru to clarify the differences between a strict business accounting procedure to establish profits or losses and the procedure that peasants use to evaluate the profitability of cash crops. We suggest that peasants evaluate profits or losses of cash crops in terms of a simple cash-out and cash-in flow. We indicate that this kind of calculus carries an implicit subsidy that permits market participation but provides little or no long-run benefit under prevailing productivity conditions and price levels. We also look at how farmers evaluate the status of their subsistence crops by showing that they ignore important cash expenses that are necessary to produce them. Finally, we describe accounting procedures characteristic of Andean peasants to understand how they monitor resource flows in their household-based farms. Analysis of the data leads us to question the "subsistence first" model of peasant economies and to posit an interdependent relationship between subsistence and commercial sectors in which money plays an important but perverse role as it cycles through the market and the household.