The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community
The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community
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DOI：
10.1038/cr.2007.8
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发表时间：
2007-03
期刊：
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Dániel Kirilly;T. Xie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dániel Kirilly;T. Xie
在成体组织中，只有少数细胞（干细胞）具有在每次细胞分裂时自我更新的能力，同时产生分化的子细胞以维持生物体一生的组织稳态。果蝇卵巢含有三种不同类型的干细胞群（生殖干细胞（GSC），体细胞干细胞（SSC）和护送干细胞（ESC））位于一个简单的解剖结构称为生殖器，使其成为研究干细胞生物学的最佳模型系统之一，由于可靠的干细胞鉴定和可用于操纵基因功能的复杂遗传工具。特别是，GSC的生态位是最早和最好的研究之一，对GSC及其生态位的研究为更好地理解干细胞及其生态位之间的关系做出了许多独特的贡献。到目前为止，GSC和SSC已被证明是由来自其生态位的外在因素和内在因素发挥作用。控制GSC和SSC自我更新和分化需要多种信号传导途径，这为研究来自小生境的多种信号如何在干细胞中被解释提供了独特的机会。由于果蝇卵巢含有三种类型的干细胞，它也提供了研究给定组织中的多个干细胞如何协同工作以促进组织功能和维护的绝佳机会。本文综述了果蝇卵巢干细胞研究的最新进展，并讨论了未来的发展方向和面临的挑战。
Only a small number of cells in adult tissues (the stem cells) possess the ability to self-renew at every cell division, while producing differentiating daughter cells to maintain tissue homeostasis for an organism's lifetime. The Drosophila ovary harbors three different types of stem cell populations (germline stem cell (GSC), somatic stem cell (SSC) and escort stem cell (ESC)) located in a simple anatomical structure known as germarium, rendering it one of the best model systems for studying stem cell biology due to reliable stem cell identification and available sophisticated genetic tools for manipulating gene functions. Particularly, the niche for the GSC is among the first and best studied ones, and studies on the GSC and its niche have made many unique contributions to a better understanding of relationships between stem cells and their niche. So far, both the GSC and the SSC have been shown to be regulated by extrinsic factors originating from their niche and intrinsic factors functioning within. Multiple signaling pathways are required for controlling GSC and SSC self-renewal and differentiation, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how multiple signals from the niche are interpreted in the stem cell. Since the Drosophila ovary contains three types of stem cells, it also provides outstanding opportunities to study how multiple stem cells in a given tissue work collaboratively to contribute to tissue function and maintenance. This review highlights recent major advances in studying Drosophila ovarian stem cells and also discusses future directions and challenges.