Foraging with MUSHROOMS: A Mixed-integer Linear Programming Scheduler for Multimessenger Target of Opportunity Searches with the Zwicky Transient Facility
Foraging with MUSHROOMS: A Mixed-integer Linear Programming Scheduler for Multimessenger Target of Opportunity Searches with the Zwicky Transient Facility
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DOI：
10.3847/1538-4357/ac7fa2
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发表时间：
2022-02
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Parazin;M. Coughlin;L. Singer;Vaidehi Gupta;S. Anand
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作者：
B. Parazin;M. Coughlin;L. Singer;Vaidehi Gupta;S. Anand
引力波探测的电磁跟踪是非常资源密集型的，占用了几十台望远镜数小时的有限观测时间。为后续行动制定更有效的时间表将导致对应方定位效率的相应提高，而无需使用更多的望远镜时间。广泛用于运筹学和望远镜调度，混合整数线性规划是产生这些更高效率调度的强有力的候选者，因为它可以利用强大的商业求解器，为所提供的问题找到全局最优解。我们详细介绍了一个新的目标的机会调度算法设计的Zwicky瞬态设施铭记，使用混合整数线性规划。我们比较它的性能gwemopt，调整的启发式调度器使用的Zwicky瞬态设施和其他设施在第三LIGO室女座引力波观测运行。这种新的算法使用可变长度的观察块，以执行节奏的要求，并确保现场的可观察性，沿着有一个次要的优化步骤，以尽量减少转换时间。我们表明，通过采用一种混合的方法，利用这个调度程序和gwemopt，以前的调度程序使用，在演唱会上，我们可以实现一个模拟的二进制中子星星合并数据集符合LIGO-处女座的第三次观测运行的平均提高3%-11%的探测效率比gwemopt单独，突出了未来的多信使后续调查的机会混合整数目标的潜力。
Electromagnetic follow-up of gravitational-wave detections is very resource intensive, taking up hours of limited observation time on dozens of telescopes. Creating more efficient schedules for follow-up will lead to a commensurate increase in counterpart location efficiency without using more telescope time. Widely used in operations research and telescope scheduling, mixed-integer linear programming is a strong candidate to produce these higher-efficiency schedules, as it can make use of powerful commercial solvers that find globally optimal solutions to provided problems. We detail a new target-of-opportunity scheduling algorithm designed with Zwicky Transient Facility in mind that uses mixed-integer linear programming. We compare its performance to gwemopt, the tuned heuristic scheduler used by the Zwicky Transient Facility and other facilities during the third LIGO–Virgo gravitational-wave observing run. This new algorithm uses variable-length observing blocks to enforce cadence requirements and to ensure field observability, along with having a secondary optimization step to minimize slew time. We show that by employing a hybrid method utilizing both this scheduler and gwemopt, the previous scheduler used, in concert, we can achieve an average improvement in detection efficiency of 3%–11% over gwemopt alone for a simulated binary neutron star merger data set consistent with LIGO–Virgo’s third observing run, highlighting the potential of mixed-integer target of opportunity schedulers for future multimessenger follow-up surveys.