Resistance of sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) to fungal diseases of wheat
Resistance of sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) to fungal diseases of wheat
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DOI：
10.1094/pdis-91-8-0942
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Steffenson, B. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Olivera, P. D.;Kolmer, J. A.;Steffenson, B. J.
沙伦山羊草（Aegilops sharonensis）是小麦的野生近缘种，原产于以色列和黎巴嫩。 A. sharonensis 作为小麦新抗性基因来源的重要性值得对经济重要基因的特性进行进一步研究。因此，本研究的目的是评估一系列沙融种质对小麦七种重要真菌病害的抗性，并评估种质对疾病反应的表型多样性。沙融山楂对白粉病（79％至83％）和叶锈病（60％至77％）的抗性频率最高。对茎锈病的抗性也很常见，尽管抗性种质的百分比根据病原体种族的不同而显着变化——从 TTTT 种族的 13% 到 QCCJ 种族的 72%。抗性频率中等为条锈病（45%），低为棕斑病（15%至29%）和斑斑病（0%至34%）。没有一个沙融沙融种质对镰刀菌赤霉病具有抗性。许多测试的材料对一种或多种疾病表现出异质性反应（即既有抗性植物又有易感植物），表明某些抗性位点可能存在杂合性。由于香农公平指数范围为 0.116（镰刀菌赤霉病）至 0.994（棕褐色斑病），因此各个疾病的多样性水平存在显着差异。收集点之间和内部都发现了高度的多样性。此外，还观察到抗性种质的地理分布存在差异。例如，与来自南部地区的材料相比，来自以色列北部的材料通常多样性较低，对叶锈病和条锈病的抵抗力较差。四个沙融沙仑种质对所评估的大多数疾病具有高度抗性，可能为渗入栽培小麦提供独特的抗性基因来源。
Sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) is a wild relative of wheat that is native to Israel and Lebanon. The importance of A. sharonensis as a source of new resistance genes for wheat warrants additional research on the characterization of accessions for economically important genes. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate a collection of A. sharonensis accessions for resistance to seven important fungal diseases of wheat and assess the phenotypic diversity of the germplasm for disease reaction. The frequency of resistance in A. sharonensis was highest to powdery mildew (79 to 83%) and leaf rust (60 to 77%). Resistance to stem rust also was common, although the percentage of resistant accessions varied markedly depending on the pathogen race-from 13% to race TTTT to 72% to race QCCJ. The frequency of resistance was intermediate to stripe rust (45%) and low to tan spot (15 to 29%) and spot blotch (0 to 34%). None of the A. sharonensis accessions was resistant to Fusarium head blight. Many of the accessions tested exhibited heterogeneous reactions (i.e., had both resistant and susceptible plants) to one or more of the diseases, suggesting that heterozygosity may be present at some resistance loci. Substantial variation was observed in the level of diversity to individual diseases because Shannon's Equitability index ranged from 0.116 (for Fusarium head blight) to 0.994 (for tan spot). A high level of diversity was found both between and within collection sites. Moreover, differences in the geographic distribution of resistant accessions were observed. For example, accessions from northern Israel generally were less diverse and less resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust than accessions from more southern locations. Four A. sharonensis accessions were highly resistant to most of the diseases evaluated and may provide a source of unique resistance genes for introgression into cultivated wheat.