Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 4-Diagnostics
Global Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Update and Gap Analysis: 4-Diagnostics
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DOI：
10.1111/tbed.12523
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发表时间：
2016-06-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Vosloo, W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knight-Jones, T. J. D.;Robinson, L.;Vosloo, W.
这项研究评估了诊断学领域口蹄疫(FMD)研究中的知识差距。这项研究采用了文献回顾(2011-2015)的形式，并结合了2014年从世界各地33个研究所收集的最新研究成果。研究结果被用来确定未来口蹄疫研究的优先领域。分子和基因技术，包括测序，在能力和负担能力方面都在以越来越快的速度发展。这些进展加强了从疫苗开发到流行病学等许多其他研究领域的进展。RT-LAMP的发展代表着一项重要的突破，允许更广泛地使用和获得分子诊断。现在可以使用聚合酶链式反应来确定病毒血清型，尽管只针对某些病毒库，需要继续取得进展，以涵盖全球口蹄疫病毒谱。在开发笔端快速诊断方面也取得了进展，其中一些具有确定血清型的能力。然而，在笔端血清型或菌株确定方面的进一步进展将使无口蹄疫国家和获得资源充足的实验室机会有限的流行国家都受益。前景看好的新采样方法包括空气采样和诱饵绳索，后者可能有助于野生动物和猪的采样。红外热像仪用于早期检测口蹄疫的研究并不令人鼓舞，尽管研究仍在进行中。已经开发出能够同时筛查具有相似临床症状的多种病原体的多重测试。对于评估口蹄疫病毒的自由至关重要，存在着检测感染口蹄疫病毒的动物的测试，无论疫苗接种状态如何；然而，存在局限性，特别是在测试以前接种过疫苗的动物时。为此目的，正在开发具有补充DIVA测试的新型疫苗。还需要研究来改进目前口蹄疫疫苗匹配的不精确方法。开发简单、负担得起的测试增加了获得口蹄疫诊断的机会，极大地使实验室能力有限的地区受益。
This study assessed knowledge gaps in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) research in the field of diagnostics. The study took the form of a literature review (2011-15) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from around the world. Findings were used to identify priority areas for future FMD research. Molecular and genetic technologies, including sequencing, are developing at an increasing rate both in terms of capability and affordability. These advances potentiate progress in many other fields of research, from vaccine development to epidemiology. The development of RT-LAMP represents an important breakthrough allowing greater use and access to molecular diagnostics. It is now possible to determine virus serotype using PCR, although only for certain virus pools, continued progress is needed to cover the global spectrum of FMD viruses. Progress has also been made in the development of pen-side rapid diagnostics, some with the ability to determine serotype. However, further advances in pen-side serotype or strain determination would benefit both FMD-free countries and endemic countries with limited access to well-resourced laboratories. Novel sampling methods that show promise include air sampling and baited ropes, the latter may aid sampling in wildlife and swine. Studies of infrared thermography for the early detection of FMD have not been encouraging, although investigations are ongoing. Multiplex tests have been developed that are able to simultaneously screen for multiple pathogens with similar clinical signs. Crucial for assessing FMDV freedom, tests exist to detect animals that have been infected with FMDV regardless of vaccination status; however, limitations exist, particularly when testing previously vaccinated animals. Novel vaccines are being developed with complementary DIVA tests for this purpose. Research is also needed to improve the current imprecise approaches to FMD vaccine matching. The development of simple, affordable tests increases access to FMD diagnostics, greatly benefiting regions with limited laboratory capacity.